Drugs online research references
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Jun;38(6):1442-5.
Comparative activities of eight quinolones against members of the Bacteroides fragilis group.
Borobio MV, Conejo M, Ramirez E, Suarez AI, Perea EJ.
Department of Microbiology, University of Seville.
The in vitro activities of five new quinolones (clinafloxacin [CI-960 or PD-127391], BAY Y 3118, E-4868, E-5065, and E-5068) against 100 Bacteroides fragilis group bacterial isolates were compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and sparfloxacin. Overall, E-5068 was the most active in vitro (MIC for 90% of isolates tested [MIC90], 0.25 microgram/ml); this was followed by clinafloxacin and BAY Y 3118 (MIC90, 0.5 microgram/ml). Ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and ofloxacin were the least active (MIC90s, 64, 16, and 16 micrograms/ml, respectively). B. fragilis and Bacteroides caccae were more susceptible than the other members of the B. fragilis group to all of the quinolones tested.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8092852&dopt=Abstract
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1987 Nov;20(5):729-34.
Decrease of caffeine elimination in man during co-administration of 4-quinolones.
Stille W, Harder S, Mieke S, Beer C, Shah PM, Frech K, Staib AH.
Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Infektiologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany.
The single dose pharmacokinetics of caffeine (220-230 mg per dose) were investigated in 12 healthy male volunteers before and during treatment with ofloxacin (200 mg bd), ciprofloxacin (250 mg bd) and enoxacin (400 mg bd) with a cross-over study design. None of the parameters: mean elimination half-life (T1/2el), Cmax, total body clearance (Cltot) and the volume of distribution (aVd) of caffeine were noticeably altered by administration of ofloxacin. Striking changes were observed, however, after administration of enoxacin: the T1/2el was prolonged by as much as 260%, the Cmax increased by 41%; the aVd was reduced by 20% and Cltot by 78% (mean values). Treatment with ciprofloxacin led to a prolongation of T1/2el by 15%, to a decrease of aVd by 25% and to a 33% decrease of Cltot. The results of this intra-individual comparison of caffeine pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that treatment with ciprofloxacin and enoxacin may have a significant inhibitory effect on caffeine elimination.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3480885&dopt=Abstract
Support Care Cancer. 1996 Sep;4(5):364-9.
Prophylactic antibiotics eliminate bacteremia and allow safe outpatient management following high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue.
Meisenberg B, Gollard R, Brehm T, McMillan R, Miller W.
Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
This study examines the effectiveness of prophylactic ciprofloxacin and rifampin following high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue (HDC/ ASCR). Specific endpoints included the incidence of fever, clinically documented infection, bacteremia, and readmission rates from an outpatient bone marrow transplant setting following infection or fever. A group of 97 patients receiving 134 cycles of HDC/ASCR were studied. Patients were given ciprofloxacin 750 mg p.o. twice daily and rifampin 300 mg p.o. twice daily beginning on the day of stem cell reinfusion (24-48 h after completion of high-dose chemotherapy). Most patients were either discharged to an outpatient setting following completion of their chemotherapy or received all of their chemotherapy in an outpatient setting. Febrile neutropenia was treated with empirical antibiotics in an outpatient setting unless it was complicated by hypotension, renal failure, severe mucositis or other problems. The median duration of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count below 500/mm3) was 7 days. Neutropenic fever occurred in 62% of patients but clinically documented bacterial infection occurred in only 2 (1.5%) patients during their neutropenic period. No bacteremia was noted. Readmission to the hospital following fever or infection occurred in 26% of patients maintained in the outpatient setting. There were no deaths from a bacterial infection in this study although 1 patient (0.7%) died from aspergillosis. Prophylactic ciprofloxacin and rifampin is a well-tolerated and highly effective combination that effectively decreases the risk of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infection following HDC/ASCR. It facilitates outpatient management of myelosuppressed patients receiving autologous stem cell rescue.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8883230&dopt=Abstract
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