Drugs online research references
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1993 Oct;12(10):750-5.
Evaluation of penicillin G in the prevention of streptococcal septicaemia in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.
de Jong P, de Jong M, Kuijper E, van der Lelie J.
Department of Haematology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The efficacy of penicillin G was evaluated in the prevention of infections caused by streptococci in patients receiving remission induction or intensive consolidation treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia. Between 1980 and 1988, 29 episodes of streptococcal septicaemia occurred in 139 treatment events. All patients received as prophylaxis regimen ciprofloxacin (n = 38) or a combination of polymyxin B with nalidixic acid (n = 42) or neomycin (n = 59). Six patients died of streptococcal septicaemia despite adequate antibiotic treatment. The high incidence of streptococcal septicaemia lead to the administration of penicillin G in addition to ciprofloxacin as prophylaxis regimen during the 14 days immediately following cytotoxic chemotherapy. Only two episodes of streptococcal septicaemia were documented after addition of penicillin G to the prophylaxis regimen (n = 76, p < 0.001). Both patients had an uneventful recovery after treatment with vancomycin. Patients receiving penicillin G prophylaxis experienced fever during 17% of the time and received antimicrobial therapy during 20% of the time per treatment event compared with 27% and 32% respectively of this time in patients receiving no streptococcal prophylaxis (p < 0.001). Penicillin G prophylaxis was associated with an increased incidence of fever of unknown origin and more frequent isolation of aerobic gram-negative bacteria in surveillance cultures. Penicillin G in combination with ciprofloxacin proved to be highly successful in preventing infections caused by streptococci and in reducing infection-related mortality and morbidity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8307043&dopt=Abstract
J Med Chem. 1994 Feb 4;37(3):400-7.
Dual-action cephalosporins incorporating a 3'-tertiary-amine-linked quinolone.
Albrecht HA, Beskid G, Christenson JG, Deitcher KH, Georgopapadakou NH, Keith DD, Konzelmann FM, Pruess DL, Wei CC.
Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Incorporated, Nutley, New Jersey 07110.
We have previously reported that linking quinolones to the cephalosporin 3'-position through an ester bond, a carbamate function, or a bond through a quaternary nitrogen produced cephalosporins with a dual mode of antibacterial action. We now describe a new class of dual-action cephalosporins, with greater chemical stability than those previously reported, in which the basic nitrogen of ciprofloxacin is bonded directly to the 3'-cephalosporin position, i.e., the two moieties are linked through a tertiary amine function. These compounds have demonstrated potent activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including beta-lactam-resistant strains.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8308866&dopt=Abstract
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1993 Jun;31(6):309-11.
Treatment of urinary tract infections with ciprofloxacin after renal transplantation.
Grekas D, Thanos V, Dioudis C, Alivanis P, Tourkantonis A.
First Medical Department, University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
As urinary tract infections in immunosuppressed renal transplant patients present a major therapeutic problem for clinicians in charge of renal units, the efficacy of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in such cases was tested in this study. Twenty-six patients, 16 women and 10 men, aged 20 to 56 years, who developed urinary tract infection (UTI) from 6 months to 10 years after renal transplantation were included in the study. Of these patients, 20 (77%) showed cystitis and/or prostatitis and 6 (23%) clinical symptomatology of acute or recurrent pyelonephritis. Patients with obstructive uropathy were excluded. Urine culture was positive for E. coli in 16/26 patients (61.5%) and for proteus mirabilis, klebsiella, staphylococcus aureus in 10/26 (38.5%). All patients were given ciprofloxacin 250 mg x 2 daily for 10 days and the results of the treatment were compared to those of 60 nontransplant patients (controls) with UTI. Fourteen patients (54%) were completely cured and 10(38%) showed improvement, while the respective results in the controls were 68% (41/60) and 28%. Relapses occurred in two patients, one in each group. Serious side effects were not observed. It is concluded that ciprofloxacin is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of UTI in renal transplant patients.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8335429&dopt=Abstract
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