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Drugs online research references

Allergy. 2000 Nov;55(11):998-1004.
Expression of the skin-homing receptor in peripheral blood lymphocytes from subjects with nonimmediate cutaneous allergic drug reactions.

Blanca M, Posadas S, Torres MJ, Leyva L, Mayorga C, Gonzalez L, Juarez C, Fernandez J, Santamaria LF.

Allergy Service, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

BACKGROUND: In nonimmediate cutaneous reactions to drugs, the skin is the organ most frequently involved, and T cells may play a relevant role. T cells related to skin immune responses express the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA), the skin-homing receptor. METHODS: We studied the expression of the CLA in peripheral blood T cells from nine subjects with exanthematous reactions induced by beta-lactams (4), phenytoin (2), propyphenazone (1), spiramycin plus metronidazol (1), and captopril plus tiazide (1). The cutaneous symptoms appeared at least 6 h after drug intake. CLA expression was evaluated by flow cytometry at the time of the reaction (T1) and 1 month later (T2). HLA-DR activation marker expression was also evaluated at T1. In four patients, it was necessary to readminister the culprit drug to establish a causal relationship, and sequential estimation of the markers was performed. Two control groups were included: healthy controls and subjects exposed to the culprit drugs with good tolerance. Values were compared by nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: The expression of circulating CLA + T cells at T1 was increased compared to healthy controls (median = 20.4 vs 9.4) (P < 0.001), and the patients also expressed increased levels of HLA-DR (median = 3.8) (P < 0.005). Comparison between T1 and T2 (median = 11.2) also showed differences in levels of CLA+ T cells (P < 0.01). The patients re-exposed to the culprit drug showed an increase followed by a decrease of circulating CLA+ T cells (P < 0.05) and CLA+ HLA-DR+ (P < 0.05) paralleling the symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the immunologic nature of delayed skin reactions to drugs, and suggest that these CLA+ T cells parallel the disease evolution and may participate in the pathophysiologic mechanisms.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11097307&dopt=Abstract

Reprod Fertil Dev. 1999;11(7-8):403-8.
Effects of maternal captopril treatment on growth, blood glucose and plasma insulin in the fetal spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Lewis RM, Vickers MH, Batchelor DC, Bassett NS, Johnston BM, Skinner SJ.

Research Centre for Developmental Medicine and Biology, University of Auckland, New Zealand. rml28 cam.ac.uk

In the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) fetal growth and metabolism are abnormal. It has been speculated that maternal hypertension may be the cause of these abnormalities. Captopril treatment, which reduces maternal blood pressure, during pregnancy and lactation, is reported to have a beneficial effect postnatally, normalizing the blood pressure of offspring in the SHR. In the present study, the effects of maternal captopril treatment on fetal growth and plasma metabolites were investigated in the fetuses of two rat strains (SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)), in order to determine whether normalizing maternal blood pressure also normalized abnormalities in fetal growth and metabolism. On fetal Day 20, SHR fetuses were lighter and placentae were heavier than for the corresponding WKY. Captopril had no effect on fetal weight in the SHR, but decreased it in the WKY. There was no effect of captopril on placental weight. Fetal plasma insulin levels were higher in the SHR than in the WKY and were decreased by captopril treatment in both strains. Fetal blood glucose was elevated and fetal blood lactate was decreased in captopril-treated litters from both strains. Captopril had no effect on fetal plasma IGF-1 but fetal plasma IGF-2 levels were lower in the captopril-treated SHR than in the captopril-treated WKY. These findings suggest that maternal captopril treatment decreases insulin secretion in the fetal rat. High levels of fetal plasma insulin suggest that the SHR fetus is insulin resistant. Fetal insulin levels may contribute to the adverse consequences of gestational captopril treatment observed in many species. The differences in the effect of captopril on the two strains suggest that there are underlying endocrine differences in the SHR.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11101275&dopt=Abstract

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