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OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the normal kidney exerts a supportive, facilitatory action on renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), the effects of unilateral and bilateral nephrectomy on RSNA have been studied. METHODS: The RSNA, rectal temperature (T), rate of breathing (RB), arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded in three groups of pentobarbital anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing Sprague-Dawley rats: group 1 (n = 5): both kidneys intact; group 2 (n = 5): left surgical nephrectomy; group 3 (n = 5): left surgical nephrectomy and functional exclusion of the right kidney (functional right nephrectomy, FRN), produced by a tight ligature of the renal hilum which was maintained for 3 h. In a fourth group (n = 7), in which nerve activity was not recorded, reopening of the right renal hilum was preceded or followed by intravenous administration of captopril (3 mg/kg). RESULTS: In groups 1 and 2 RSNA increased from 22.3 +/- 2.1 to 122.9 +/- 13.6 and from 26.7 +/- 1.2 to 93.2 +/- 14.0 impulses/s (mean +/- SEM), respectively, without concomitant changes in cardiovascular parameters. In group 3 RSNA decreased from 39.1 +/- 3.1 to 13.7 +/- 2.6 impulses/s during the 3 h of FRN. In group 3 the reopening of the right renal hilum was followed by a marked increase in BP and HR that was prevented or reversed by intravenous captopril in rats of group 4. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in RSNA observed in rats during bilateral nephrectomy, in contrast to the increase observed in rats with one or both kidneys intact, suggests that the kidney as a whole exerts a supportive role on sympathetic nerve activity. The hypertension and tachycardia that follows the reopening of the right kidney hilum appears to be caused by the generation of endogenous angiotensin II; this is the first evidence of an acute angiotensin-mediated renal hypertension.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10994759&dopt=Abstract

J Hypertens. 2000 Sep;18(9):1297-306.
Changes in contractile protein gene expression with ageing and with captopril-induced regression of hypertrophy in the spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Dalton GR, Jones JV, Levi AJ, Levy A.

Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is present in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and treatment of SHR with captopril leads to regression of LVH. Hypertrophy produces changes in gene expression for myofibrillar proteins with increased ratios of skeletal to cardiac actin and beta to alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC). OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to follow changes in transcript prevalence for these four proteins during ageing and with captopril treatment in SHR and WKY rats. METHODS: Untreated SHR and WKY rats were studied at 100, 156, 350 and 450 days. Groups at 100 and 350 days were divided into a treatment group (given captopril) and untreated controls. Transcripts were measured using in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Both cardiac and skeletal actin were increased in untreated SHR compared to WKY rats (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). alpha-MHC was increased (P<0.01) whilst beta-MHC was normal in 100-day-old SHR (an age when LVH was present) compared with WKY rats. With ageing, alpha-MHC declined and beta-MHC increased giving the increased ratio of beta to alpha-MHC transcripts reported by other investigators. Treatment of SHR led to a significant decline in skeletal actin transcripts (P< 0.01) and reversed the rise in beta-MHC expression that occurred with ageing (P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LVH in SHR is associated with increased skeletal and cardiac actin transcripts. Despite unequivocal LVH in SHR at 100 days of age, alpha rather than beta-MHC transcripts were increased. Only with ageing did the classically reported increased ratio of beta to alpha-MHC transcripts become apparent Captopril treatment reduced skeletal actin transcripts and reversed the increase in beta-MHC that occurred with ageing.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10994761&dopt=Abstract

IUBMB Life. 2000 Apr;49(4):303-7.
Lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the diabetic kidney: effect of treatment with angiotensin convertase inhibitors.

Kedziora-Kornatowska KZ, Luciak M, Paszkowski J.

Department of Internal Diseases, Military Medical University, Lodz, Poland.

Effects of the angiotensin convertase inhibitors captopril (CAP) and enalapril (ENA) on the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the kidneys of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were studied. Induction of diabetes resulted in an increase of MDA concentration and progressive decreases of SOD and catalase activities after 6 and 12 weeks. CAP and ENA administration did not affect body weight changes or blood glucose and HbA1c contents in diabetic rats but decreased albuminuria and kidney weight increase, attenuated lipid peroxidation, and prevented the decreases in SOD and catalase activities. These results confirm the oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes and point to the beneficial antioxidant effects of angiotensin convertase inhibitors.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10995033&dopt=Abstract

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