Drugs online research references
ANNA J. 1993 Apr;20(2):187-8.
Benazepril: a new ACE inhibitor.
Bell J.
Benazepril (Lotensin) is an ACE inhibitor that can be safely used in renal and liver disease. Statistical analysis of both single and repeated 10 mg oral doses shows no significant difference in action between young patients and those over 55. All ACE inhibitor drugs are in a homogenous class. One advantage that benazepril has over the others is convenience. It can be taken any time of day, with or without food, and most often is only needed once a day. This is important to our patients who are on multiple medication regimens. There are no clinically important pharmacologic interactions with digoxin, warfarin, naproxen, cimetidine, hydrochorothiazide, furosemide, propranolol, atenolol, or chlorthalidone.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8512378&dopt=Abstract
Brain Res Bull. 1998;45(1):53-9.
Mechanisms of melatonin inhibition of neurohypophysial hormone release from the rat hypothalamus in vitro.
Yasin SA, Forsling ML.
Department of Gynaecology, UMDS, St. Thomas's Campus, London, UK.
Although melatonin has been reported to influence neurohypophysial hormone release, no binding has been demonstrated in the neurohypophysial system, suggesting melatonin could affect afferent inputs. The effect of neurotransmitter receptor antagonists on the inhibitory effect of melatonin on neurohypophysial hormone release from the rat hypothalamus in vitro was therefore determined. The agents employed were atropine, a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist; mecamylamine, a nicotinic cholinergic antagonist; atenolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist; phentolamine, a nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist; prazosin, a selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist; haloperidol, a dopaminergic antagonist; naloxone, an opioid antagonist; and ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Rat hypothalami were incubated in either medium alone or medium containing melatonin or melatonin and antagonist, and hormone release determined. Melatonin (43 nM) significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) vasopressin and oxytocin release. Inhibition was still observed in the presence of atenolol, phentolamine, and naloxone, suggesting that neither adrenergic nor opioid pathways contribute to the response. The inhibitory effect of melatonin on vasopressin and oxytocin release was abolished (p < 0.05) in the presence of atropine (10[-8] M), mecylamine (10[-6] and 10[-4] M), ibuprofen (10[-4] M) and haloperidol (10[-6] and 10[-5] M). The melatonin-induced inhibition of oxytocin release was also attenuated in the presence of prazosin (10[-8] and 10[-6] M). This study suggests that melatonin may influence neurohypophysial hormone release through modulation of afferent pathways mediated by acetylcholine, dopamine, and/or prostaglandin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9434202&dopt=Abstract
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1991 Jul;344(1):47-55.
Propranolol and atenolol inhibit norepinephrine spillover rate into plasma in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Keeton TK, Biediger AM.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7764.
Radiotracer techniques capable of measuring norepinephrine clearance and spillover rate into plasma were used to test the hypothesis that the antihypertensive effects of propranolol and atenolol in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats are associated with an inhibition of norepinephrine release from postganglionic sympathetic neurons. The 10%-15% fall in mean arterial pressure produced over 4 h by propranolol (1, 3.3 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.) and atenolol (1, 3.3 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.) was not dose-related, and only the largest dose of propranolol caused a significant bradycardia. Each dose of atenolol significantly lowered heart rate. The decrease in blood pressure caused by propranolol and atenolol was not related to the decrease in heart rate. Both propranolol and atenolol inhibited norepinephrine clearance by 12% to 16%. The 1 mg/kg doses of propranolol and atenolol significantly suppressed norepinephrine spillover rate by 21% and 32%, respectively, at 4 h postinjection. As the dose of propranolol was increased, the inhibition of norepinephrine spillover was reversed as plasma epinephrine concentration rose by 125%. The suppression of norepinephrine spillover rate caused by atenolol was more persistent but did diminish after the 10 mg/kg dose, when plasma epinephrine concentration was elevated by 55%. Both drugs suppressed plasma renin concentration, but the inhibition of norepinephrine spillover rate by propranolol and atenolol was not related to the fall in plasma renin concentration. By comparison, treatment with the adrenergic neuron blocking agent bretylium (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, s.c.) elicited a dose-related vasodepression with no change in heart rate or plasma renin concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1685557&dopt=Abstract
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Amoxicillin ||
Tramadol ||
Paxil ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Zithromax ||
online pharmacy ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics