Drugs online research references
J Am Board Fam Pract. 1989 Jul-Sep;2(3):172-90; discussion 190.
Managing hypertension in family practice: a nationwide collaborative study of the use of four antihypertensives in the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension. A report from CEN. Clinical Experience Network.
[No authors listed]
The goals of this prospective, nonexperimental study were to examine the ways in which family physicians select from among four antihypertensive agents for their patients and to provide an overall perspective on how these agents perform in the management of hypertension in primary care. Three hundred seventy-eight family physicians treated 3608 mild and moderate hypertensives with one of the following medications: atenolol (n = 564 patients), enalapril maleate (n = 677), verapamil hydrochloride in sustained-release form (n = 1861), or a fixed combination, hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene (n = 506). The resultant four groups of patients differed in several demographic and clinical measures: age, gender, race, concurrent disease, diastolic and systolic blood pressures, heart rate, and history of hypertension. The patient profiles for each group suggest appropriate matching of drugs to individual patient needs: younger patients and those with higher heart rates more often received the beta-blocker; blacks were more frequently assigned to the diuretic and less often to the beta-blocker; patients with concurrent diseases and a longer history of hypertension were more often assigned to the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or the calcium channel blocker. Rates of success, defined by the percentages of patients staying on the selected drug and experiencing a reduction of at least 10 mmHg or achieving a diastolic pressure less than or equal to 90 mmHg, were in the same range for all four groups (55 to 62.5 percent). Patients evaluated their quality of life and gave enalapril and verapamil SR the highest ratings. The rapid completion of the study, the quality of the results, and the high rates of follow-up and compliance show that family practice is an excellent setting for conducting clinical research.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2546375&dopt=Abstract
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980 Sep;28(3):302-9.
Atenolol kinetics in renal failure.
McAinsh J, Holmes BF, Smith S, Hood D, Warren D.
Blood and urine levels of atenolol were measured in 12 subjects--2 anephric and 10 with creatinine clearances ranging from 0 to 122 ml/min/1.73 m2. In a single-dose study subjects were given atenolol 100 mg by mouth, and blood and urine levels were measured during the subsequent 72 hr. In a repeated-dose study 10 subjects were given atenolol 100 mg for 20 days, and blood and urine levels were measured before and for 72 hr after the final dose on day 21. In the single-dose study the peak blood level occurred later and the 24-hr plasma concentrations increased as creatinine clearance decreased. The range in peak blood level was sixfold throughout this range of creatinine clearance. The blood atenolol half-life (t1/2) increased from about 6 hr to more than 100 hr with progressive renal failure and there was a corresponding decrease in elimination rate constant and increase in area under the curve. In the repeated-dose study there was good correlation between predose blood level of atenolol and both logarithm creatinine clearance and serum creatinine, and the elimination rate constant correlated with creatinine clearance and the logarithm of serum creatinine. In the single-dose study minimum heart rates were observed just after the peak atenolol level. Blood pressure response did not correlate closely with serum atenolol levels. Dosing recommendations are suggested for patients with renal failure to take account of the effects of renal function on atenolol kinetics.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7408390&dopt=Abstract
Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 1980;31(4):279-84.
Atenolol pretreatment in fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Effect on cardiac arrhythmias, heart rate and arterial blood pressure.
Fassoulaki A, Kaniaris P, Kotsanis S.
Fifty one patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy were premedicated with atropine and anesthetised with thiopental, nitrous oxide and succinylcholine as a muscle relaxant. Twenty-six patients consisted the control group while twenty-five were given alcohol orally for three consecutive days before the procedure. The treatment group had no cardiac arrhythmias during bronchoscopy while six of the control subjects developed arrhythmias. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were maintained significantly lower in the treatment group, thus the hypertensive response to tracheal intubation and bronchoscopy was significantly attenuated by atenolol.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7223351&dopt=Abstract
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