Drugs online research references
Br J Pharmacol. 1984 Feb;81(2):289-91.
Are there alpha-adrenoceptors in the young chick atria?
Tayo FM.
The effect of noradrenaline and isoprenaline were studied in the 15-day old chick atria. Noradrenaline increased both the rate and force of atrial contractions whilst isoprenaline only slightly increased force at very high concentrations. The increase in force after noradrenaline and isoprenaline was reduced by phentolamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist. The beta-antagonist, propranolol and the cardioselective beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, atenolol, did not reduce the positive inotropy. Noradrenaline-induced positive chronotropy was, however, resistant to both alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade. It is concluded that the force of contraction of the chick atria may be alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated whilst the rate seems to be mediated by a mechanism sensitive to noradrenaline but insensitive to alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6142742&dopt=Abstract
Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1988;10(1):119-33.
Enalapril and atenolol in essential hypertension: attenuation of hypotensive effects in combination.
Wing LM, Chalmers JP, West MJ, Russell AE, Morris MJ, Cain MD, Bune AJ, Southgate DO.
Flinders Medical Centre, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia.
In 16 patients with essential hypertension the effects of enalapril 20 mg once daily were compared with those of atenolol 50 mg once daily, with the two drugs in combination and with placebo using a double-blind cross-over design with allocation of treatment order by randomised Latin squares. For each patient there were four treatment phases, each of four weeks duration, which together comprised a 2 x 2 factorial experiment. All blood pressure parameters were reduced in the three active treatment phases compared to placebo (p less than 0.001). Supine blood pressures (group means) were 171/97 (placebo), 147/85 (enalapril), 154/84 (atenolol) and 144/78 (enalapril plus atenolol) (S.E.M. +/- 2/+/- 1-ANOVA), and standing blood pressures were 170/105 (placebo), 146/92 (enalapril), 154/92 (atenolol) and 147/86 (enalapril plus atenolol) (S.E.M. +/- 3/+/- 1). In the combination phase there was an additional hypotensive response but the potential fully additive effects of the two agents were attenuated by 30-50%. The mechanism of the attenuated hypotensive effect of the combined agents has not been determined. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration was doubled in the presence of atenolol (P less than 0.01) suggesting that ANP may contribute to the hypotensive effect of the beta-blocker.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2832102&dopt=Abstract
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1978;36(4):339-46.
[Spectrofluorimetric estimation in biological fluids of a new beta-blockader: atenolol. Application to its pharmacokinetic study (author's transl)]
[Article in French]
Flouvat B, Bazin M, Lucsko M, Roux A, Guedon J.
The authors describe a simple method of fluorimetric estimation of atenolol, applicable to blood and urine, sufficiently sensitive to permit a pharmacokinetic study. After administration of a dose of 200 mg by the oral route to hypertensive subjects, one may observe a maximal plasma concentration 3 hours after the dose average value 3.91 +/- 0.71 mumol/l (1.04 +/- 0.19 mg/l). The apparent half life of elimination of phase beta is 14.1 +/- 4.9 h, values comparable with those calculated from urinary data 14.6 +/- 2.0 h. The renal clearance was 140 +/- 32 ml/min; 54 +/- 14% of the administered dose are excreted in the urine. After administration by the venous route, urinary excretion represents 96% of the dose administered.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=32816&dopt=Abstract
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