Drugs online research references
J Pharm Pharmacol. 1991 Aug;43(8):597-600.
Permeability of the blood-brain barrier for atenolol studied by positron emission tomography.
Agon P, Goethals P, Van Haver D, Kaufman JM.
Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, University of Gent, Belgium.
The permeability of the blood-brain barrier for atenolol, a hydrophilic beta-adrenergic blocking agent, has been assessed in dogs, by studying the distribution of [11C]atenolol in brain tissue with positron emission tomography. The passage of atenolol into the brain was very limited, but a measurable small net influx into the brain tissues did occur. Osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier resulted in a marked increase of the atenolol concentrations in brain tissue. The approach described, with sequential non-invasive measurements in brain tissue, is applicable to pharmacokinetic studies of atenolol in man.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1681079&dopt=Abstract
Biotelemetry. 1977;4(3):140-50.
Circadian variations of blood pressure in patients with different degrees of hypertension. Changes induced by hypotensive treatment.
Pessina AC, Palatini P, Trevi P, Benussi P, Veronese P, Hlede M, Dal Palu C.
Arterial pressure was continuously recorded for 24--48 h in 3 normotensive subjects and in 60 hypertensive patients. The greatest variations occurred in those with labile, mild or moderate hypertension compared to those with severe hypertension or normal blood pressure. Atenolol (100-200 mg) administered once or twice daily produced a significant reduction of arterial pressure and a smaller response to the cold pressor test, hand grip and step test in patients with established hypertension, but little change in those with labile hypertension. The evening dose was not followed by a decrease in pressure greater than that observed without treatment, but determined a smaller rise on awaking.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=615645&dopt=Abstract
Artery. 1990;17(2):60-70.
The effects of adrenergic blockade on lipoproteins using the rat as an experimental model.
Balasubramaniam S, Simons LA, Hickie JB, Chang S.
University of N.S.W. School of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Adrenergic blocking drugs are known to have adverse effects on lipids and lipoproteins in man, although the mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. In order to see whether the rat might be a suitable model to explore this issue, adrenergic blockers having differing properties with respect to receptor interaction were administered to rats orally over seven days, followed by measurement of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Total plasma cholesterol was not significantly influenced by any of the drugs used, while triglycerides were reduced by 20% and 31% respectively with pindolol and prazosin. With respect to changes in HDL cholesterol, it was found that: (a) HDL cholesterol was significantly reduced by 8% during combined beta 1, beta 2 blockade with propranolol; (b) HDL cholesterol was not significantly changed during selective beta 1 blockade using atenolol, or during combined beta 1, beta 2 blockade and partial beta 2 stimulation using pindolol; and (c) HDL cholesterol was significantly increased during combined beta 1 blockade and beta 2 stimulation using celiprolol by 12%, or during alpha 1 blockade with prazosin by 8%. It appears that beta 2 receptor exposure or stimulation may be one of the key points in the interaction between adrenergic blockade and lipoprotein metabolism.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1968740&dopt=Abstract
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