Drugs online research references
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Nov;44(11):3144-9.
ACI-1 from Acidaminococcus fermentans: characterization of the first beta-lactamase in Anaerobic cocci.
Galan JC, Reig M, Navas A, Baquero F, Blazquez J.
Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INSALUD), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
Acidaminococcus fermentans belongs to the group of strictly anaerobic gram-negative cocci. All previously described Acidaminococcus strains are susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. An A. fermentans strain (RYC-MR95) resistant to penicillin and expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (amoxicillin and cefotaxime MICs, 64 microgram/ml) was isolated from a human perianal abscess. A fragment encoding a beta-lactamase from genomic DNA was cloned in Escherichia coli K-12 strain HB101, and the recombinant strain expressed resistance to amoxicillin (MIC, 1,024 microgram/ml) and cefotaxime (MIC, 4 microgram/ml). Clavulanic acid decreased the MICs to 8 and 0.03 microgram/ml, respectively. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed a new class A beta-lactamase, ACI-1. In accordance with its biochemical properties, we propose to assign ACI-1 to functional group 2be. The ACI-1 enzyme (estimated pI 4.3) had <50% amino acid identity with any other class A beta-lactamases, the closest being ROB-1 from Haemophilus influenzae (44%). ACI-1 was closer to class A beta-lactamases from some gram-positive organisms (41 to 44% amino acid identity with Bacillus beta-lactamases) than to most class A enzymes from gram-negative organisms (TEM-1, 24.6%). The aci1 gene had a G+C content of 42.1%, in contrast with 56% G+C content for genomic DNA from A. fermentans, thus suggesting that aci1 may have been obtained by horizontal gene transfer.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11036038&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Apr;13(4):377-82.
Gastric corpus atrophy following eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
Larkin CJ, Watson P, Sloan JM, Ardill JE, Patterson CC, McCluggage WG, Buchanan KD.
Department of Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital and Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
BACKGROUND: Atrophic gastritis can develop in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection leading to a reduction in basal acid output. Whether the atrophy that develops is reversible is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of H. pylori eradication in infected subjects who had developed atrophy of the corpus mucosa. METHOD: Ten H. pylori positive patients with corpus atrophy were identified at oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD). They received eradication therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole. Repeat OGD with biopsy was performed at least 3 months later. Fasting plasma gastrin was measured at baseline and at re-endoscopy. H. pylori eradication was confirmed by 13C urea breath testing. RESULTS: Median time to re-endoscopy was 5 months. There was improvement in corpus atrophy in 50% of patients after H. pylori eradication, and a significant reduction in plasma gastrin (P = 0.03). The index patients had a significant diminution of basal acid output compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Corpus atrophy as defined by the Sydney System is reversible in some patients after H. pylori eradication. Improvement in atrophy is associated with a fall in fasting plasma gastrin levels. This may have implications in the prevention of gastric carcinoma.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11338065&dopt=Abstract
Presse Med. 2000 Dec 2;29(37):2049-50.
[Antibiotic management of acute otitis media. New recommendations]
[Article in French]
Longuet P.
Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales (Pr J.L. Vilde), Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 48, rue Henri Huchard, F 75018 Paris.
FAILURES OF ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT: The number of failures after treatment of acute middle ear infections with the 2 main antibiotics prescribed (amoxicillin and the combination amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) is on the rise. These failures appear to be related to increased resistance of the 2 principal pathogens, pneumococci and Hemophilus influenzae. A NEW FORMULATION: In order to reduce the rate of failure, it has been necessary to both increase the dose of penicillin to overcome the reduced susceptibility of pneumococci to penicillin and to prescribe a beta-lactam because of the frequent isolation of beta-lactamase producing Hemophilus influenzae. A new formulation has been developed where the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid dose is 14 to 1. This allows a daily dose of 80 mg/kg for amoxicillin and 6.4 mg/kg for clavulanic acid. In one open multicentric study including 51 pediatric patients aged 3 to 48 months with acute middle ear infections, it was demonstrated that this new formulation can be very effective in eradicating the causal agents of acute middle ear infections, including pneumococci and penicillin-resistant Hemophilus. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GOOD EFFICACY: Amoxicillin must always be prescribed, either alone or in combination with clavulanic acid, at the dose of 45 to 50 mg/kg b.i.d. the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination should be preferred for children under 2 years due to the risk of beta-lactamase producing Hemophilus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11155733&dopt=Abstract
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