Drugs online research references
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2000 Dec 30;144(53):2568-72.
[Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium outbreak in a nephrology ward]
[Article in Dutch]
van der Steen LF, Bonten MJ, van Kregten E, Harssema-Poot JJ, Willems R, Gaillard CA.
Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, divisie Interne Geneeskunde, afd. Infectieziekten & Aids, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht.
In April 2000, an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) was discovered in an internal medicine/nephrology and dialysis ward of the Eemland Hospital, Amersfoort, the Netherlands. Although enterococci are considered relatively non-virulent, VRE are resistant to almost all commercially available antibiotics. Surveillance cultures were obtained from all patients at the ward, all patients visiting the dialysis ward and the environment of patients. VRE were determined and clustering of strains was analysed using molecular genotyping. In all, 12 patients were colonized with the outbreak strain. Transmission of VRE usually occurs via the hands of health care workers. The ward was closed for new admissions, patients were divided in cohorts of colonized and non-colonized patients, and rooms were disinfected after patient discharge. Infection control measures (such as handwashing and use of gloves and gowns) were enforced and prescriptions of vancomycin and cephalosporins were reduced. With these measures the outbreak could be controlled. Epidemiological analysis demonstrated that earlier admission and previous use of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were risk factors for colonization. A nearby hospital was a possible source of this outbreak.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11191795&dopt=Abstract
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2000;93(4):281-6.
[Bacteriological and epidemiological data on Streptococcus pneumoniae in the hospital of southern Reunion Island]
[Article in French]
Michault A, Simac C.
Laboratoire de bacteriologie-parasito-virologie, Centre hospitalier Sud Reunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre.
We studied the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae in southern Reunion Island from 1993 to 1998. Data were collected from the Centre hospitalier Sud Reunion. Incidence of pneumonia was calculated by applying published ratios to two different types of data (bacteriological, clinical). Survey of pneumococci showed that antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae to penicillin G appeared in 1994 and reached high levels in 1998. We confirmed the increase of multiresistant strains among penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae. Serotyping the penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae has shown that these strains belonged to serogroups 9, 14, 19, 23. The MIC determined in PRP showed that imipenem was the most active agent among beta-lactamin antibiotics followed by ceftriaxone. Strains with high resistance to amoxicillin are rare. Annual incidence of meningitis was almost 0.4 per 100,000 inhabitants. Estimation of pneumonia incidence was between 44 and 78 per 100,000 inhabitants. Incidence in Reunion Island is twice to three times lower than the incidence in France. Death rate from pneumoniae (10%) is similar to that in France. In the course of the study, the number of isolated S. pneumoniae increased. Changing socio-economic conditions are probably associated with the emergence of PRP since 1994 and the increase in numbers of infections. Pneumococcal infections in Reunion Island are becoming a public health problem of the same importance as in France.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11204730&dopt=Abstract
mailserver.unimi.it
Thiamphenicol-glycinate-acetylcysteinate (TGA; CAS 20192-91-0) is widely used for the treatment of infections of varied aetiology. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of thiamphenicol-glycinate (TG; CAS 15318-45-3), TGA, amoxicillin (CAS 61336-70-7) plus clavulanic acid (CAS 58001-44-8), azithromycin (CAS 83905-01-5) and ceftriaxone (CAS 104376-79-6). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) methods. The effects of changes in assay conditions were also examined. The activity of TG and TGA was similar to that of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, with the exception of methicillin resistant S. aureus. Azithromycin and ceftriaxone were characterised by a limited activity against gram-positive cocci and methicillin resistant and cefinase-positive S. aureus, respectively. TG and TGA are characterized by a wide spectrum of activity, comparable to that of recent commercialized antibiotics for treatment of respiratory tract infections.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11367873&dopt=Abstract
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