Drugs online research references
Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1999 Dec;14(6):352-7.
Prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing strains among 149 anaerobic gram-negative rods isolated from periodontal pockets.
Fosse T, Madinier I, Hitzig C, Charbit Y.
Laboratoire de Bacteriologie, Hopital l'Archet 2, CHU de Nice, France.
In a prospective study, 47 adults presenting a rapidly progressive periodontitis were selected in order to evaluate the prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing strains among oral anaerobic gram-negative rods. Predominant anaerobes were identified from two of the deepest periodontal pockets. beta-Lactamase-positive strains fulfilled to at least two of three criteria: positive nitrocefin test, penicillin Etest minimal inhibitory concentration > 1 microgram/ml, and disk diffusion synergy between amoxycillin and clavulanic acid > 10 mm. At least one beta-lactamase-producing strain was found in 53.2% of patients and 39.4% of the periodontal pockets investigated. Prominent beta-lactamase-positive species were Prevotella buccae and Prevotella intermedia (respectively 16 of 38: 42% and 18 of 52: 35% positive strains), followed by Prevotella bivia, Prevotella disiens, Prevotella denticola and Fusobacterium nucleatum (respectively 1 of 6: 17%, 1 of 10: 10%, 1 of 10: 10%, and 1 of 13: 8% positive strains). No beta-lactamase producer could be evidenced in Porphyromonas gingivalis (10 strains tested). All the beta-lactamase-positive strains with the nitrocefin test had penicillin minimal inhibitory concentrations > 1 microgram/ml with the Etest, and a strong synergy between amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was always observed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10895690&dopt=Abstract
ioks.uio.no
Bacteriuria in pregnancy with or without clinical symptoms is frequent and increases the risk of pyelonephritis, preterm labour, and low birth weight infants. Commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (pivampicillin), amoxicillin, trimethoprim, and sulphonamide are currently associated with a high degree of resistance of the most common pathogen in the urinary tract, Escherichia coli. During the past few decades a number of new and efficient antibacterial antibiotics have been developed. The presumption that a specific drug is safe for both the pregnant woman and the foetus depends on how widely the drug has been used. A recent survey among general practitioners and obstetricians in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden confirmed that the beta-lactam antibiotic pivmecillinam and nitrofurantoin are the most commonly used agents in the treatment of bacteriuria in pregnancy in the Nordic countries. However, a surprisingly high number of physicians reported that they prescribe sulphonamides during the first two trimesters in spite of resistance of E. coli and possible adverse effects on the foetus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11295409&dopt=Abstract
Salud Publica Mex. 2001 Jan-Feb;43(1):27-31.
[Prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis colonization in asymptomatic carriers under 6 years of age]
[Article in Spanish]
Leanos-Miranda B, Miranda-Novales MG, Solorzano-Santos F, Ortiz-Ocampo L, Guiscafre-Gallardo H.
Unidad de Investigacion en Epidemiologia Hospitalaria, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS), Mexico.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of upper respiratory tract colonization by Moraxella catarrhalis in children under six years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A survey was conducted between January and December 1998 in Mexico City, among children aged 2 months to 5 years, selected through cluster sampling. Pharyngeal samples were taken for M. catarrhalis identification. The minimal inhibitory concentration to different antibiotics was obtained and beta-lactamases were determined by the iodometric test. Statistical analysis consisted of frequency distributions, odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and Mantel-Haenszel chi 2. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: After excluding 37 children, the study population was 604 children from Mexico City; M. catarrhalis was present in 130 pharyngeal specimens (22.9%). Most of the strains were positive for beta-lactamase production (75.4%). Eighty percent of the strains was resistant to penicillin and 70% to ampicillin and amoxicillin. None were resistant to cefotaxime, imipenem, meropenem and erythromycin. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of M. catarrhalis upper respiratory tract colonization is similar to that of other respiratory pathogens. These findings warrant future research on the role of M. catarrhalis as an etiologic agent in acute and chronic respiratory infections in Mexico.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11270281&dopt=Abstract
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