Drugs online research references
J Clin Periodontol. 2000 Jul;27(7):520-5.
Beta-lactamase producing bacteria in the subgingival microflora of adult patients with periodontitis. A comparison between Spain and The Netherlands.
Herrera D, van Winkelhoff AJ, Dellemijn-Kippuw N, Winkel EG, Sanz M.
Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Countries with a high per capita antibiotic use frequently demonstrate a high level of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and levels of beta-lactamase producing bacteria in the subgingival microflora in adult patients with periodontitis in Spain and The Netherlands, and to characterise beta-lactamase producing bacteria in both patient samples. METHOD: Patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were consecutively selected and asked to report on: current systemic disorders and medications, history of use of antibiotics, and smoking habits. Clinical variables included probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, plaque, bleeding on probing, and suppuration. Pooled subgingival samples of 4 selected sites were anaerobically cultured in blood agar plates with and without amoxicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Bacterial colonies growing on amoxicillin plates but not on amoxicillin/clavulanate plates were tested for beta-lactamase production. beta-lactamase producing bacteria were isolated and identified. RESULTS: 31 patients were studied in the Spanish group and 30 in the Dutch group. Comparable mean gender and ages were found. Evaluation of previous antibiotic use revealed that, in the previous 12 months, 54.8% of patients in the Spanish group and 10% in the Dutch group reported antibiotic use (p<0.001). The prevalence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria was 87.1% in the Spanish group and 73.3% in the Dutch group. Total counts of beta-lactamase producing bacteria on amoxicillin plates (p<0.01), the mean number of different beta-lactamase producing colonies per patient (p<0.001), and the number of amoxicillin resistant colonies (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the Spanish group. 74 beta-lactamase producing strains in the Spanish group and 33 in the Dutch group were isolated for identification. 23 out of 35 identified strains in the Spanish group, and 32 out of 33 in the Dutch group belonged to Prevotella genus. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria has been evaluated in two distinct populations, belonging to two European countries with clear differences in antibiotic usage policy. A higher prevalence and a more complex beta-lactamase producing microflora, were found in the Spanish group, associated with a higher antibiotic consumption. This study shows that a higher use of beta-lactam antibiotics is reflected in the % of beta-lactamase producing bacteria in the subgingival microflora of patients with periodontitis. This information may be important in the treatment of severe periodontitis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10914894&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Dec;44(12):3272-7.
In vitro and In vivo activities of LB 10827, a new oral cephalosporin, against respiratory pathogens.
Paek KS, Kim MY, Lee CS, Youn H.
Antiinfective Division, Biotech Research Institute, LG Chem. Research Park, Taejon 305-380, South Korea.
The in vitro antibacterial activities of LB 10827, a new oral cephalosporin, against common respiratory tract pathogens were compared with those of six beta-lactams (cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefprozil, penicillin G, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin), two quinolones (trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin), and one macrolide (clarithromycin). The MIC of LB 10827 at which 90% of the penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae tested were inhibited was 0.5 microg/ml, and the drug was 4- to 32-fold more active than the compared beta-lactams. The potent activity of LB 10827 against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was retained, and the presence of beta-lactamase in both strains had little effect on the in vitro activity of the compound. Time-kill studies revealed that LB 10827 had bactericidal activity against these respiratory pathogens. This agent reduced original counts of all pathogens tested by >/=3 log(10) CFU/ml at the MIC, and the regrowth was completely prevented for 12 h. The potent in vitro antibacterial activity of LB 10827 against respiratory pathogens has been proved in both mouse pneumonia and neutropenic rat models. These results strongly suggest that this agent has potential for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11083626&dopt=Abstract
Arch Inst Pasteur Alger. 1998;62:91-110.
[Antibiotic sensitivity of Bacteroides fragilis group in Algeria]
[Article in French]
Merad AS, Ghemati M, Faid N, Kimouche N.
The antimicrobial resistance evolution of the Bacteroides fragilis group is the subject of international survey. Eighty-six clinical isolates collected in anaerobic service of I.P. A were tested for susceptibility to twelve antimicrobial agents. Chloramphenicol, metronidazole and imipenem proved to be the most active agents. After these agents, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, carbenicillin and piperacillin were the most effective agents tested with respectively 15%, 17% and 17% of resistant isolates. Clindamicin and cefotaxin were active from only 70% and 65% of clinical isolates, and 71% of them were found resistant to cefotaxin with minimal inhibitory concentration above 32 ug/ml. beta Lactamasic profile determination according to Rolfe and Finegold modified method allowed to show five different beta lactamase types. The isoelectric points (pI) vary between 4.3 and 7.5 according to the enzymatic extracts of the clinical isolates. No transfer and no plasmid were observed with respectively imipenem and metronidazole resistant isolates. But, transconjugants were obtained with TRCcR isolate.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11256322&dopt=Abstract
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