Drugs online research references
J Vet Med Sci. 2000 Oct;62(10):1053-7.
A 10-year survey of antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolates from swine in Japan.
Kataoka Y, Yoshida T, Sawada T.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan.
A number of 689 Streptococcus suis isolates collected nationwide from diseased and healthy pigs from 1987 to 1996 were surveyed for antibiotic susceptibilities to 11 drugs. No isolates resistant to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were found. Isolates were highly susceptible to penicillins (penicillin G, ampicillin, and amoxicillin) except cloxacillin. They were not susceptible to tetracycline, streptomycin, and kanamaycin (MIC90 50 microg/ml, > or = 100 microg/ml, and > or = 100 microg/ml, respectively). Multiple-resistant isolates (> or = 3 antimicrobial agents) were found in 20.3% of all isolates tested.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11073075&dopt=Abstract
exchange.hsc.mb.ca
The in vitro activities of numerous antimicrobials against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis from patients with bloodstream and respiratory tract infections in the United States, Canada, Europe, Latin America, and the Asia-Pacific region were studied in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Penicillin resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration, > or =2 microg/mL) was noted in all 5 geographic regions, and a high and increasing rate of macrolide resistance among S. pneumoniae isolates was observed. Elevated rates of resistance to clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline were seen. beta-Lactamase-mediated resistance in H. influenzae to amoxicillin and variable trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance by region were documented. Resistance to several drugs continues to emerge among pneumococci worldwide, but more stable resistance patterns have been noted for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. Continued surveillance of this pathogen group appears to be prudent.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11320449&dopt=Abstract
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000 Dec;19(12):1167-71.
Helicobacter pylori culture and antimicrobial susceptibility from pediatric patients in Michigan.
Tolia V, Brown W, El-Baba M, Lin CH.
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, USA.
BACKGROUND: We recently observed a high failure rate in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in children with 2-week triple therapy using lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin. We performed a prospective evaluation of antral biopsies of all children subsequently diagnosed with H. pylori gastritis for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility assessment. METHODS: All children with antral nodularity and/or an elevated anti-H. pylori IgG titer underwent antral biopsies for histology, urease test and culture while undergoing an upper endoscopy for routine indications. All positive cultures were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by E-test for clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline and metronidazole. RESULTS: Thirty-one children (16 male, 15 female) between 2 and 19 years of age were diagnosed with H. pylori gastritis by histology. However, culture was positive in only 22 of 31 (71%) patients. The E-test in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 95.6% of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin, 59% to clarithromycin and 54.6% to metronidazole. There was no resistance to tetracycline. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of antibiotic resistance profiles from pediatric patients from different geographic areas can help in optimizing therapeutic regimen to prevent treatment failures. Metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance is much higher in our pediatric population than reported in adults and could be a major contributor to failure of H. pylori eradication.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11144378&dopt=Abstract
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