Drugs online research references
Pediatr Dermatol. 2000 Sep-Oct;17(5):360-3.
The effects of amoxicillin therapy on skin flora in infants.
Brook I.
Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
In order to determine the effect of amoxicillin therapy on the perineal skin microbial flora in infants, we took quantitative bacterial and fungal cultures of perineal and sternal areas from 25 infants treated with amoxicillin (40 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. Specimens were obtained prior to therapy, within 3 days of conclusion of therapy, and 14-16 days later. Immediately following therapy, a decline in the number of bacterial isolates occurred on both the perineum (89 to 47) and sternum (84 to 39). The greatest decline occurred in the number of anaerobic bacteria (mostly Peptostreptococcus spp. and Propionibacterium acnes). Other organisms that were less often isolated were aerobic streptococci and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The number of Candida albicans isolates increased from 3 to 11 (p < 0.05) on the perineum, and 1 to 7 (p < 0.025) on the sternum. Four of the infants developed diaper dermatitis. The density of C. albicans increased more than 14-fold following amoxicillin therapy. Cultures done 14-16 days after cessation of therapy revealed an increase in the number of bacterial isolates on the perineum (47 to 72) and on the sternum (39 to 61) and a decline in recovery of C. albicans. This study demonstrates the effects of amoxicillin on the ecology of skin microbial flora in infants-a decrease in the number of bacterial isolates and an increase in recovery of C. albicans.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11085662&dopt=Abstract
Rev Esp Quimioter. 2000 Sep;13(3):306-13.
[Pharmacodynamic basis for the use of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in respiratory infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae: In vitro studies in an experimental model]
[Article in Spanish]
Gomez-Lus ML, Garcia Y, Valero E, Amores R, Fuentes F.
Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Avda. de la Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid.
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is a first choice treatment for respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. In a previous study we observed its high efficacy against penicillin-susceptible and intermediate-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae. We aimed to study the efficacy of this antibiotic against three strains of S. pneumoniae (susceptible, intermediate and resistant to penicillin) in a mouse model of pneumonia, and to determine the influence of the time of starting treatment and the in vitro postantibiotic effect. We also determined the serum levels of the antimicrobial agent in the mice, and correlated the pharmacodynamic parameters (Cmax/MIC, AUC/MIC and T>MIC) with the survival rate to establish the best predictor of efficacy. MICs with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were 0. 03 mg/l, 0.25 mg/l and 2 mg/l for the penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate and -resistant strains, respectively. The ED90 were approximately 5 mg/kg for susceptible strains, 25 mg/kg for the intermediate and 50 mg/kg for the resistant strains. We observed a lower survival rate (approximately 55%) when the treatment began 31 h after infection than when it began 5 h (100%) and 19 h (approximately 90-100%) afterwards. Serum levels were dose dependent and the correlation with the pharmacodynamic parameters showed a significant association between survival and the T>MIC (r = 0.946). In vitro postantibiotic effects with 1, 4 and 10 times the MIC were 0.96 to 1.69 h for susceptible strains, 0.38 to 1.23 h for intermediate, and 1.52 to 2. 20 h for resistant strains. These results show the high efficacy of this antibiotic combination against strains with variable susceptibility to penicillin, with this activity being related mainly to the T>MIC of the microorganism. The postantibiotic effect would prolong the effect of the antibiotic in the dosing interval. These parameters and antimicrobial effects are important in terms of the clinical application of this antimicrobial agent.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11086282&dopt=Abstract
Klin Med (Mosk). 2000;78(6):53-6.
[Quamatel application in three-drug eradication therapy of duodenal ulcer and gastroduodenal ulcerations associated with helicobacter pylori infection]
[Article in Russian]
Mansurova FKh, Kadyrov DM, Odinaev RI, Ishankulova DM.
Combination of famotidine, amoxicilline and metronidasole was applied in the treatment of 71 patients with erosive-ulcerative affection of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The combination more rapidly relieved pain (within 5-6 days), dyspepsia (for 7-8 days), enabled healing of the ulcer defect for 2-3 weeks, raised gastric pH to 5.7-5.8 and eradicated Helicobacter pylori in 87.3% of the cases.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10900873&dopt=Abstract
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