Drugs online research references
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2000 Dec 2;144(49):2350-4.
[Screening for asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy; cost-effectiveness favorable at a minimum prevalence rate of 3% or more]
[Article in Dutch]
Postma MJ, Bakker A, Welte R, van Bergen JE, van den Hoek JA, de Jong-van den Berg LT, Jager JC.
Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration/Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of antenatal screening for Chlamydia trachomatis. DESIGN: Pharmaco-economic model analysis. METHOD: The risks of C. trachomatis infection during pregnancy and of complications of the infection as well as the cost of screening for complications (pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, infertility and neonatal pneumonia) and of treatment were estimated. Assumed were a ligase chain reaction on urine and treatment of identified infected cases with erythromycin or amoxicillin (second choice). Cost-effectiveness was calculated and presented in net direct and indirect costs per major complication averted. RESULTS: For C. trachomatis prevalences in pregnancy above 4% benefits exceed the costs. For prevalences between 2.82% and 4.00% net costs are positive, but a major complication averted costs less than f 1000.-. Considering sensitivity analysis as well, screening for C. trachomatis at prevalences above 3% costs less than f 1000.-per major complication averted and might even save costs. No recent Dutch data on C. trachomatis prevalence in pregnancy are published however. CONCLUSION: Given the current information, antenatal C. trachomatis screening can be recommended from a pharmaco-economic perspective if C. trachomatis prevalence in pregnancy is 3% or more.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11129971&dopt=Abstract
Acta Clin Belg. 2001 Jan-Feb;56(1):32-7.
Study of the in vitro activity of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and other beta-lactam antibiotics against Escherichia coli isolated from urine specimens.
Vanhoof R, Carpentier M, Delannoy P, Fagnart O, Lontie M, Mans I, Nyssen HJ, Van Nimmen L.
Pasteurinstituut-Brussel, Eenheid-Antibiotica-onderzoek, Engelandstraat 642, B-1180 Brussel.
A total of 205 serial, unduplicated urinary isolates of Escherichia coli was collected from June through August 1998 in 2 community and 3 hospital laboratories. By using the NCCLS broth microdilution technique, their in vitro susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam was determined. One hundred and twenty isolates were from hospitalised patients, 85 from ambulatory, 129 community acquired and 76 nosocomial. Half of the nosocomial isolates were obtained from naturally produced and half from alternatively produced urine specimens. In general, the highest susceptibility rates, following NCCLS criteria, were found for piperacillin/tazobactam (93.2%) followed by cefuroxime (92.2%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (82.9%). Ampicillin showed a clear bimodal distribution with a clear peak for the resistant population. The highest degree of ampicillin resistance was found in nosocomial isolates. Overall, ampicillin showed the lowest degree of susceptibility. Most of the ampicillin resistant isolates remained susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam, cefuroxime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. In general, the community acquired isolates had higher susceptibility rates than the nosocomial isolates.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11307481&dopt=Abstract
uchile.cl
BACKGROUND: Measurement of changes in serum antibodies is an excellent predictor of Helicobacter pylori eradication after antibiotic treatment. AIM: To measure the changes in serum antibody titers to Helicobacter pylori, before and after treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: IgG antibodies to H. pylori were prospectively evaluated in 107 duodenal ulcer patients treated either with antibiotics (amoxicillin, metronidazole and bismuth subsalicylate) plus omeprazole or omeprazole alone. IgG antibody levels were determined using an "in house" ELISA in sera from 49 eradicated patients that received quadruple therapy and 58 non-eradicated patients (12 in whom antibiotic therapy failed and 46 that received omeprazole alone). Endoscopy, urease test, microscopy, and culture of gastric biopsies confirmed H. pylori eradication. RESULTS: Patients in whom H. pylori was eradicated, showed a maintained drop in serum antibody titers that ranged from 15%, 62%, 74% to 76% at 28 days, 4, 8 and 12 months respectively. Such reduction was not observed in patients treated with omeprazole. Patients, in whom quadruple therapy failed to eradicate H. pylori, showed a discrete and transient decrease in antibody titers. By the fourth month, patients in whom eradication with quadruple therapy was not achieved, irrespective of whether they received quadruple therapy or omeprazole alone. CONCLUSIONS: A 45% decrease in IgG titer after 4 months is indicative of therapeutic success in H. pylori eradication. Therefore, serology may be useful to monitor the outcome of antibiotic therapy (Rev Med Chile 2000; 128: 1119-26).
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11349511&dopt=Abstract
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