Drugs online research references
Presse Med. 2001 Jan;Spec No 1:5-6, 4.
[Pneumococcal antibiotic resistance in 1999. Results from 19 registries for 1999]
[Article in French]
Chomarat M.
BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE: Among the 9956 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in adults, 39% had some degree of penicillin resistance (reduced susceptibility), but there were relatively few strains highly resistant to penicillin: 10%. Among the 4422 strains isolated in children, the overall rate of penicillin resistance was higher (51%) with 15% highly resistant strains. For amoxicillin, the rate of reduced susceptibility was 25% while 1.4% were amoxicillin-resistant. For ceftaxime the respective figures were 21% and 0.3% OTHER ANTIBIOTIC FAMILIES: Important reduction in the susceptibility of all strains, more pronounced for peni-R strains, for macrolides, cotrimoxazole, tetracyxine and chloramphenicol. Very rare resistance to rifampicin and intact susceptibility to vancomycin. CHILDREN VERSUS ADULTS: The rate of reduced susceptibility to beta-lactams was higher in children: 31% versus 23% for amoxicillin and 21% versus 14% for cefotaxime. However there were only a few rare strains that were amoxicillin and cefotaxime resistant. Unlike what was observed in adults, there were major differences by site of sampling; strains isolated from purulent middle ear fluid exhibited the strongest resistance.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11242764&dopt=Abstract
Presse Med. 2001 Jan;Spec No 1:7-10.
[Pneumococcal antibiotic resistance. Results from 21 regional registries for 1999]
[Article in French]
Vergnaud M, Laaberki MF.
IN ADULTS: The prevalence of reduced susceptibility to penicillin was an estimated 40% with rates of 23% for amoxicillin and 15% for cefotaxime. For resistant strains, the rates were 11% for penicillin, 1.3% for amoxicillin and 0.3% for cefotaxime. For respiratory tract samples grouped together, pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics, erythromycin excepted, has increased little in France since 1997. For lung samples, beta-lactam activity has remained stable with only rare strains exhibiting amoxicillin and cefotaxime resistance. IN CHILDREN: The prevalence of reduced susceptibility to penicillin was 53%, 32% for amoxicillin and 22% for cefotaxime. Despite a high rate of penicillin-G resistant strains (16%), amoxicillin and cefotaxime resistant strains remain rare, 2.8% and 1.2% respectively. For all samples grouped together, pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics, erythromycin excepted, has increased little in France since 1997. There has however been an alarming rise in resistance of strains isolated from blood cultures. Globally, beta-lactam activity has remained stable and only rare amoxicillin and cefotaxime resistant strains have been isolated, including middle ear fluid sample. SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION: Among the strains with reduced susceptibility to penicillin isolated in 1999, the more frequent serotypes were serotypes 6, 9, 14, 15, 19 or 23.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11242765&dopt=Abstract
bcm.tmc.edu
BACKGROUND: Therapy for Helicobacter pylori is generally empiric despite the fact that resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin compromise therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to aid clinicians in choosing a course of therapy for H pylori infection in the United States. METHODS: The frequency of primary clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance among H pylori isolated from patients enrolled in US-based clinical trials between 1993 and 1999 was reviewed in relation to patient age, sex, region of the United States, and test method (Etest and 2 agar dilution procedures). RESULTS: Clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance rates were based on the results of 3439 pretreatment Etest determinations and 3193 agar dilution determinations. Sex and age were available on 900 and 823 individuals, respectively. Metronidazole resistance was 39% by Etest and 21.6% by agar dilution (P<.001). Clarithromycin resistance was 12% by Etest and 10.6% by agar dilution. Amoxicillin or tetracycline resistance was rare. Metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance was more common in women than men (eg, 34.7% vs 22.6% for metronidazole and 14.1% vs 9.7% for clarithromycin (P =.01 and P =.06, respectively). Antibiotic resistance increased gradually up to age 70 years, then declined significantly (P<.05) regardless of test method. Regional differences in antimicrobial resistance did not occur. CONCLUSIONS: While age and sex had significant effects on resistance rates, regional differences were not present. The high prevalence of resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin may soon require the performance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of H pylori isolates prior to initiating treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11343444&dopt=Abstract
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