Drugs online research references
An Esp Pediatr. 2000 Feb;52(2):157-63.
[Antibiotic prescribing patterns in primary health care. Do pediatricians use antibiotics rationally?]
[Article in Spanish]
Calvo Rey C, Albanil Ballesteros R, Sanchez Mendez MY, Olivas Dominguez A.
Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganes, Area 9, Madrid.
OBJECTIVES: To determine antibiotic prescribing patterns in the pediatric (infants and children) population attended to at a primary health care centre in the community of Madrid. We also wanted to determine the necessity or otherwise of antibiotic therapy and whether the selected antibiotic drug was appropriate for the pathology diagnosed. METHODS: Retrospective study of all infectious or respiratory processes diagnosed during 1 year and of the respective antibiotic cycles prescribed in all patients under the age of 4 years. The prescribing physician and the appropriateness of all therapeutic decisions, including those where the decision was not to treat with antibiotic drugs, were analyzed. RESULTS: We evaluated 910 children under the age of 4 years with a total of 3, 847 processes (mean of 4.55 +/-3.6 processes per child per year). Sixty-three percent of the children received at least one cycle of antibiotic drugs per year (mean 1.63+/-1.69 cycles of treatment per child per year). Of all therapeutic decisions, 85.2% were considered appropriate. In 36% of the processes antibiotics were prescribed (1,386 cycles), 46% of which were considered inappropriate either because no antibiotic therapy should have been given (71.6%) or because the chosen drug was not appropriate for the pathology (28.4%). There were significant differences among the evaluated physicians. The most correct decisions were taken by the pediatrician in the outpatient clinic, especially when compared with physicians in the emergency ward (p<0.0001). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic drugs were amoxicillin (41.2%) and amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid (33%). Cephalosporin accounted only for 6.9% of the prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic therapy is overprescribed in children, a situation that should be corrected.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11003882&dopt=Abstract
hazu.hr
AIM. To provide information on regional sensitivity of H. pylori to antibiotic treatment by investigating the rate of H. pylori eradication in Croatia. METHODS. The study included 217 outpatients (107 women and 110 men), with gastrointestinal symptoms and H. pylori positive finding. They received the first-line and second-line treatments. The first-line treatment included triple therapies with either omeprazole (omeprazole, amoxicillin, and metronidazole - OAM), or pantoprazole (pantoprazole, amoxicillin, and metronidazole - PAM), or a combination of ranitidine bismuth citrate, amoxicillin, and azithromycin (RBAAz). If this therapy failed, clarithromycin was used in the second-line treatment. RESULTS. H. pylori was eradicated in 93% of the patients, whereas in 7% it was resistant to all administered therapies. The efficacy of OAM or PAM first-line treatments in H. pylori eradication, including resistant patients, was 70%, and of RBAAz treatment 95%. The RBAAz treatment had the highest eradication rate. In the second-line treatment, clarithromycin eradicated 45% of the remaining H. pylori strains that had not reacted to metronidazole and azithromycin administered either alone or in combination with ranitidine bismuth citrate. CONCLUSION. Optimal therapy for the eradication of H. pylori infection is the RBAAz treatment, whereas metronidazole cannot be recommended because of the high rate of resistance of H. pylori to that antibiotic.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11172654&dopt=Abstract
Adv Ther. 2000 Jan-Feb;17(1):32-44.
Antibiotic consumption patterns and drug leftovers in 6000 Brazilian households.
Marliere GL, Ferraz MB, dos Santos JQ.
Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Worldwide data indicate that antibiotics are frequently used indiscriminately. The present study used a questionnaire in an attempt to quantify and qualify outpatient antibiotic consumption habits, including when the drug was used, who recommended it, and to what extent treatment was completed, and to question householders on the presence of antibiotics in their homes, including leftovers from previous treatments. The questionnaire was distributed to residents of 6000 households that made up a representative sample of the Brazilian population and was completed by designated respondents from 4932 residences (82.2%) with or without field interviewer supervision. Each household reported an average of 3.7 treatments in the previous year, with amoxicillin the most frequently used antibiotic in this survey (18%), regardless of socioeconomic class. Most treatments were recommended through medical prescription, and this source of antibiotic was associated with the highest rate of completed therapy (80.4%). Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin produced the highest rates of completed treatment and the lowest rates of antibiotic leftovers. Storing antibiotics at home increases the cost of each treatment event, reduces efficacy, and may encourage the emergence of resistant organisms in the community. Educational efforts must be redoubled to promote the rational and effective use of drugs, especially antibiotics.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10915402&dopt=Abstract
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