Drugs online research references
West Indian Med J. 2000 Sep;49(3):205-9.
Prevalence of bacterial pathogens and susceptibility patterns from clinical sources in Trinidad.
Orrett FA, Shurland SM.
Dept of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago.
During a 12-month period (January-December, 1997), bacterial isolates of specimens from in-patients and out-patients of the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex (EWMSC) were reviewed. A total of 3,513 specimens were processed, 43.1% from in-patients and 56.9% from out-patients. Of the 3,513 specimens, 1129 (32.1%) yielded positive cultures. Micro-organisms from wounds, sputum and genital tract accounted for 90.2%, 51.5% and 31.8%, respectively, of all isolates. E coli (17.4%) and Enterococci (12.2%) were the predominant isolates and were also the major pathogens from blood stream infections, 25.8% and 18.2%, respectively, followed by P aeruginosa, 15.2%. High levels of resistance were seen to ampicillin, augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) and tetracycline. The most effective antibiotics were ceftazidime (no resistance in E coli Citrobacter spp, non-typhoidal Salmonella and Group B streptococci, 63.2% resistance in Acinetobacter spp, 15.2% in Enterobacter spp, 17.4% in Klebsiella spp.], gentamicin [no resistance in Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp, and 89.5% in Acinetobacter spp), erythromycin (no resistance in Groups A and B streptococci, 85.1% in S aureus and S pneumoniae). The spectrum of isolates will provide clinicians with data on which to base their "best guess" aetiologic agent and choice of antibiotics when faced with infectious diseases in areas where laboratory assistance is not readily available.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11076210&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001 Apr;20(4):231-6.
Clinical features of patients with invasive Eikenella corrodens infections and microbiological characteristics of the causative isolates.
Sheng WS, Hsueh PR, Hung CC, Teng LJ, Chen YC, Luh KT.
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.
Clinical features of 43 cases of invasive Eikenella corrodens infections diagnosed at National Taiwan University Hospital during a 6-year period (1993-1998) were analyzed. The clinical syndromes included head and neck infection (56%), pulmonary infection (23%), intra-abdominal infection (14%), cutaneous infection (5%), skeletal infection (2%), endocarditis (2%), and pelvic abscess (2%). Nearly two-thirds of the patients (63%) had pre-existing diseases. Malignancy (35%), especially of the head and neck, was the most common underlying illness. More than half of the patients (56%) had associated factors predisposing to invasive Eikenella corrodens infection. Polymicrobial infections occurred in 28 (65%) patients, with two-thirds of the concurrent isolates being streptococci (66%). Five cases were fatal, with four deaths directly attributable to invasive Eikenella corrodens infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular typing were performed on 23 preserved Eikenella corrodens isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that Eikenella corrodens isolates were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. The isolates were resistant to clindamycin, metronidazole, cephalothin, and cefuroxime. None of the 23 isolates produced beta-lactamase. Random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns of the 23 isolates were different, suggesting that different clones of Eikenella corrodens caused these infections.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11399011&dopt=Abstract
unige.it
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns and serotypes of 397 Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from 1994 to 1998 in Italy have been determined. This collection included 229 penicillin- and/or erythromycin-resistant strains and 168 isolates responsible for invasive infections. Among penicillin-resistant pneumococci, the most prevalent serotype was 23F, followed by 19F and 9V, while among erythromycin-resistant but penicillin-susceptible strains serotype 6B was predominant followed by 19A, 14, 19F, 15A, 15B, and 23F. The most common invasive serotypes were 6B, 19F, 23F, 3, 4, 14, 20, 15B, and 9N. The currently available 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine could cover 91% of noninvasive penicillin- and/or erythromycin-resistant strains, 84% of pneumococci isolated from sterile sites, and 83% of invasive antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae. Penicillin-resistant pneumococci also showed reduced susceptibility to other antimicrobial compounds. Against invasive pneumococci, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, vancomycin, and rifampin were 100% effective. Penicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, and co-trimoxazole resistance was 1.8%, 9.5%, 15.5%, 18.5%, and 21.4%, respectively.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10990272&dopt=Abstract
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