Drugs online research references
Anal Chem. 2001 Apr 1;73(7):1614-21.
Simultaneous determination of five beta-lactam antibiotics in bovine milk using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
Riediker S, Stadler RH.
Nestle Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Lausanne, Switzerland.
A multiresidue method for the detection of five important beta-lactam antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, oxacillin, penicillin G) in fresh milk is presented that allows quantitation of the analytes well below established legislative limits. The method avoids the use of acid during the extraction procedure and entails a cleanup step over a C18 cartridge. The analytes are separated and detected by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) using a stable isotope-labeled internal standard. Mass spectral acquisition is done in the positive ion mode by applying selected reaction monitoring of two or more fragmentation transitions per analyte to provide a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The typical recoveries for all five beta-lactams in fresh milk ranged from 76 to 94% at a fortification level of 4 microg/kg. This study also addresses common problems encountered in the stability of penicillins during sample preparation as well as the employment of postcolumn infusion of a standard compound to verify potential matrix-induced signal suppression in ESI-MS.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11321318&dopt=Abstract
cspt.es
BACKGROUND: Triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin is widely used for H. pylori infection. The appropriate length of treatment remains controversial. AIM: To determine whether length of treatment has an impact on the cost-effectiveness of triple therapy. METHODS: The study took the form of a cost-effectiveness analysis spanning 2 years. The perspective was societal and the setting, ambulatory care. Subjects were Helicobacter pylori-positive patients with a duodenal ulcer. The triple therapy trials spanned 7, 10 or 14 days and the main outcome measures were cost per patient and marginal cost for additional cured patient calculated for a low cost-of-care setting (Spain), for a high-cost setting (USA), and for two follow-up strategies: (i) systematic 13C-urea breath test after eradication; (ii) clinical follow-up, breath-test if symptoms recurred. RESULTS: Base-case analysis showed that for both the 13C-UBT and the clinical follow-up branches, lowest costs were obtained with 7-day schedules both in Spain and the USA. Sensitivity analysis showed that in Spain, 10-day therapies would have to increase 7-day cure rates by 10-12% to become cost-effective. In contrast, in the USA only a 3-5% increase was needed. The corresponding figures for 14-day therapy were 25-35% and 8-11%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Seven-day therapies seem the most cost-effective strategy. However, in high-cost areas the differences were less evident.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11421884&dopt=Abstract
clalit.org.il
BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections. Since antibiotics are given empirically, it is necessary to assess the distribution and susceptibility of the microorganisms in each case. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the demographic characteristics of ambulatory patients with UTI, the distribution and susceptibility of uropathogens, and the risk factors associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistant bacteria in women. METHODS: During 12 days in August 1997 all the urine cultures sent to the Tel-Hanan Laboratory (Haifa) were evaluated. Demographic characteristics of the patients, their underlying diseases and the previous use of antibiotics were obtained. RESULTS: During the 12 day survey 6,495 cultures were sent for evaluation. Of the 1,075 (17%) that were positive 950 were included in the study; 83.7% were from females, of whom 57% were > or = 50 years old. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, with 74.7% in the female and 55% in the male population; 86.2% of the E. coli were resistant to amoxicillin, 38.8% to cephalexin and 46.8% to TMP-SMX. Cefuroxime (4.2%), ofloxacin (4.8%), ciprofloxacin (4.8%) and nitrofurantoin (0.4%) showed the lowest rates of resistance. By a multivariant analysis, post-menopause and recurrent UTI were found to be independent factors related to TMP-SMX resistance in women. CONCLUSION: In northern Israel, ampicillin, cephalexin and TMP-SMX cannot be used empirically in the treatment of community-acquired UTI. Post-menopause and recurrent UTI are independent factors associated with TMP-SMX resistant pathogens in women.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10897231&dopt=Abstract
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