Drugs online research references
J Control Release. 2000 Jul 31;68(1):23-30.
pH-sensitive freeze-dried chitosan-polyvinyl pyrrolidone hydrogels as controlled release system for antibiotic delivery.
Risbud MV, Hardikar AA, Bhat SV, Bhonde RR.
School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, 400 076, Mumbai, India.
The aim of this study was to develop a pH-sensitive chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) based controlled drug release system for antibiotic delivery. The hydrogels were synthesised by crosslinking chitosan and PVP blend with glutaraldehyde to form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN). The semi-IPN formation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. Semi-IPNs, viz, air-dried and freeze-dried, were compared for their surface morphology, wettability, swelling properties and pH-dependent swelling. Air- and freeze-dried membranes were also incorporated with amoxicillin and antibiotic release was studied. Porous freeze-dried hydrogels (pore diameter, 39.20+/-2.66 microm) exhibited superior pH-dependent swelling properties over non-porous air-dried hydrogels. A high octane contact angle (144.20+/-0.580) of hydrogel was indicative of its hydrophilic nature. Increased swelling of hydrogels, under acidic conditions, was due to the protonation of a primary amino group on chitosan, as confirmed by FTIR analysis. Freeze-dried membranes released around 73% of the amoxicillin (33% by air-dried) in 3 h at pH 1.0 and, thus, had superior drug-release properties to air-dried hydrogels. Freeze-dried membranes could serve as potent candidates for antibiotic delivery in an acidic environment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10884576&dopt=Abstract
Prescrire Int. 2000 Aug;9(48):99-102.
Ceftriaxone and otitis in children: new indication. Only in special circumstances.
[No authors listed]
(1) Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, is now licensed in France for (intramuscular) treatment of acute otitis media in children, both as first-line therapy in children under 30 months, and after failure of a first antibiotic regimen. (2) The clinical file on first-line ceftriaxone treatment is relatively bulky. In contrast, only two non comparative trials of ceftriaxone after failure of initial treatment are available. (3) According to trials of first-line treatment, the efficacy of a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone is equivalent to that of the sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim combination and the amoxicillin + clavulanic acid combination, and similar to that of amoxicillin (when all these reference antibiotics are given orally for 10 days). (4) Pain at the injection site is the main adverse effect of ceftriaxone, despite the local anaesthetic (lidocaine) contained in the solvent.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11067716&dopt=Abstract
dsb.unich.it
The in vitro intracellular effect of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, lansoprazole, and rifabutin, tested at concentrations corresponding to one times the MIC, two times the MIC, and four times the MIC, was evaluated against an invasive Helicobacter pylori strain. At four times the MIC, clarithromycin showed an early bactericidal effect within 4 h of incubation and, in determining the complete killing within a 16 h-incubation period, lansoprazole and rifabutin showed comparable activity, yielding bactericidal activities within 4 and 8 h of incubation, respectively. Amoxicillin and metronidazole showed bacteriostatic activity only.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11302831&dopt=Abstract
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