Drugs online research references
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000 Mar;31(1):80-4.
Episome profiles and mobilizable beta-lactamase plasmid in Haemophilus ducreyi.
Prachayasittikul V, Lawung R, Bulow L.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi has been described as a significantly predisposing factor of HIV heterosexual transmission in an endemic region of both diseases. The fastidious, H. ducreyi has been reported world wide with various antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A high tendency of drug resistances has generally been found among isolates derived in Thailand. In this study, the plasmids of H. ducreyi were isolated and analysed from 63 clinically derived organisms. Twenty-nine out of 63 isolates (46%) revealed the same plasmid profiles. Plasmid DNA was further cloned into Escherichia coli and transformants were selected. A 3.6 kb plasmid (pCb) carrying ampicillin resistance was subsequently identified. The pCb conferred resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics including penicillin G, carbenicillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, ampicillin-sulbactam, and amoxicillin-clavulanate but not to cefoxitin. Co-resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline was not detected. Beta-lactamase gene was located on the major pCb fragment of EcoRI and AatII cutting.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11023070&dopt=Abstract
Med Sci Monit. 2000 Mar-Apr;6(2):300-4.
Antibiotic-sensitivity of Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from clinical materials in 1997-1998.
Mikucka A, Janicka G, Krawiecka D, Kochanowska J.
Department of Microbiology, Medical University, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) may normally be found in the upper respiratory tract. This bacterium, however, may cause infections such as acute otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, bronchitis chronica, pneumonia, endocarditis, septicaemia and meningitis. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis were the main causative agents responsible for respiratory tract infections. The major resistance problems associated with these species are those which cause resistance to beta-lactams. beta-lactamase was produced by > 80% M. catarrhalis strains. The susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin was tested in 137 M. catarrhalis strains. All the strains resistant to ampicillin produced beta-lactamase and were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. For M. catarrhalis, the most active antimicrobials included cefuroxime (99%), ciprofloxacin (99%) and erythromycin (93%).
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11208326&dopt=Abstract
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000 Mar;31(1):72-6.
Epidemiological analysis of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Thailand.
Wongwanich S, Tishyadhigama P, Paisomboon S, Ohta T, Hayashi H.
National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
The geographical distribution of 65 clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) recovered from 7 hospitals in Thailand was investigated. The presence of mecA gene in MRSA was determined by specific PCR with the use of primers 5'-GTAGTTGTCGGGTTTGGT-3' and 5'-GGTATCATCTTGTACCCA-3'. Chromosomal DNA restriction analysis with SmaI was resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) compared with antibiotype analysis and phage type analysis. All 65 strains carried mecA gene. They all were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and variably resistant to gentamicin, ofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin and clindamycin; and all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. A total of 19 PFGE patterns designated as type A, A1, A2, A3, A4, B, B1, C, D, E, E1, E2, F, F1, F2, G, H, I and J was identified. Type A4 and E were commonly found in every studied areas. Phage typing showed even greater variability that 52 (80%) isolates belonged to 25 different phage types; 13 (20%) isolates were non-typable. The clarity and polymorphism of the PFGE patterns enable us to discriminate between isolates which could not be differentiated by antibiogram or phage type analysis. The findings demonstrate the existence of a common epidemic MRSA clone in Thailand.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11023068&dopt=Abstract
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