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In a study to determine secondary resistance among Helicobacter pylori isolates, gastroenterologists from several German cities submitted over a 3-year period to centre A (Regensburg) or centre B (Freiburg) gastric biopsies from patients in whom one or more therapies to eradicate Helicobacter pylori had failed. Rates of resistance among the collections of 302 (centre A) and 252 (centre B) isolates were, respectively, as follows: to metronidazole, 75% and 66%; to clarithromycin, 58% and 49%; to amoxicillin, 0%; to ciprofloxacin, 9%; to doxycycline, 0%; and to rifampin, 0%. Resistance to clarithromycin was associated with metronidazole resistance in 89% and 85% of the isolates in centre A and centre B, respectively.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10968325&dopt=Abstract




Braz J Infect Dis. 1999 Dec;3(6):215-219.
Comparative In Vitro Activities of Moxifloxacin (Bay 12-8039) and Other Antimicrobial Agents Against Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Brazil.

Del' Alamo L, Sampaio J, Miranda EA, Sader HS.

Special Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (LEMC), Infectious Diseases Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Clinical isolates of respiratory tract pathogens were susceptibility tested against six different antimicrobial agents. The in vitro activity of moxifloxacin was compared with that of levofloxacin, cefaclor, amoxicillin-clavulanate acid, azithromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against 111 isolates, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and other species isolated from respiratory tract infections. All isolates were susceptible to moxifloxacin, except for two isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which showed intermediate-resistance (MIC=6microg/mL), and one isolate of Escherichia coli which showed resistance (MIC>32microg/mL). Only moxifloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were active against 100% of S. pneumoniae isolates at the suceptible breakpoint (MIC90, 0.25 microg/mL and 0.064 microg/mL respectively). The rank order of the activity among this group of drugs against S. pneumoniae was as follows (% of susceptibility): moxifloxacin = amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%) > levofloxacin (97%) > cefaclor (71%) > trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (54%) > azithromycin (53%). Except for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, all antimicrobial agents were 100% active against H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. The fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, were the most potent compounds against these pathogens (MIC(90) 0.032 0.19 microg/mL). These in vitro susceptibility testing data of moxifloxacin support the view that this fluoroquinolone will have an important therapeutic role in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11084671&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]




An Esp Pediatr. 2000 Dec;53(6):567-72.
[Orbital and periorbital cellulitis. Review of 107 cases]

[Article in Spanish]

Rodriguez Ferran L, Puigarnau Vallhonrat R, Fasheh Youssef W, Ribo Aristazabal J, Luaces Cubells C, Pou Fernandez J.

Servicio de Pediatria. Unidad Integrada Hospital Sant Joan de Deu Hospital Clinic. Esplugues de Llobregat. Barcelona.

AIM: To report the epidemiology, clinical features, management and complications of orbital and periorbital cellulitis; to evaluate the use of imaging tests in the detection of complications. METHODS: Retrospective study of 107 pediatric patients admitted to the San Joan de Deu Pediatric Hospital with orbital or periorbital cellulitis from January 1991 to January 1999. RESULTS: The incidence of cellulitis was highest in the second year of life and during winter. No significant differences were found between the sexes. In 68 patients (63.6%) the cause of cellulitis was identified as sinusitis. The most frequently identified organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. Computed tomography identified retroseptal damage in 36 patients with 23 super osteal abscesses, 3 orbital abscesses and 3 intracranial complications. Sixty nine percent of the patients were treated with a single antibiotic (cefotaxime, cefuroxime or amoxicillin clavulanic acid) while 31% underwent multiple antibiotic therapy. Only 8.4% required surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital cellulitis is a relatively common and potentially serious disease in children. The early use of CT to assess the extent of damage is important in establishing prognosis and in assessing the need for surgical therapy.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11148155&dopt=Abstract












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