Drugs online research references
Am J Psychiatry. 1961 Feb;117:739-40.
Amitriptyline (Elavil), a new antidepressant.
BARSA JA, SAUDERS JC.
PMID: 14448488 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]
Pharmacol Toxicol. 1987 Nov;61(5):342-6.
Formation of a quaternary N-glucuronide of amitriptyline in human liver microsomes.
Dahl-Puustinen ML, Bertilsson L.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
Amitriptyline N-glucuronide was isolated from urine of a patient treated with therapeutic doses of amitriptyline. The glucuronide was hydrolyzed by hot alkaline treatment and, to a lesser degree, by treatment with beta-glucuronidase. A method for the direct measurement of amitriptyline glucuronide by HPLC was developed. Human liver microsomes were shown to glucuronidate amitriptyline in the presence of UDPGA, and the activity varied 7-fold among microsomes from 13 different human livers. The glucuronidation of amitriptyline was inhibited by p-nitrophenol but not by morphine. E-10-hydroxynortriptyline, a major metabolite of amitriptyline, had only a slight inhibitory effect on the glucuronidation of amitriptyline. No significant correlation was found between the glucuronidation of amitriptyline and that of E-10-hydroxynortriptyline in the microsomes studied.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3438230&dopt=Abstract
Arzneimittelforschung. 1980;30(1):69-73.
Antiulcer effects of nomifensine, a new antidepressant, on stress-induced ulcers in the rat.
Bickel M.
The effectiveness of the antidepressant agents 8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-isoquinoline (nomifensine, Alival) and amitriptyline on various ulcer models was tested by using at least 300 rats. Oral application of 3 mg/kg nomifensine resulted in a 50% decrease of stress ulcers produced by water immersion. Using an immobilisation ulcer model the ID50 of nomifensine was calculated to be 1.89 mg/kg p.o. Amitriptyline proved to be less active in both models. Neither er of the two compounds had any beneficial effects on ulcers produced by pyloric ligation. Gastric acid secretion stimulated with either histamine or pentagastrin, was not affected by nomifensine. Thus peripheral gastric effects of nomifensine could be ruled out, its antiulcer properties may be of central nervous origin. Affecting noradrenergic mechanisms in the hypothalamus could possibly play an important role.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7189402&dopt=Abstract
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