Drugs online research references








Encephale. 1982;8(2):164-76.
Recent concepts of neuromodulators in affective disorders.

Beckmann H.

Though certain controversies exist current hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis of affective disorders postulate a dysfunction in central neurotransmitter systems, mainly of the biogenic amines serotonin (5-HT) and/or noradrenaline (NA). As antidepressants have differential influence on neurotransmitter function and prediction of clinical response is unreliable, recent investigations attempt to define more "serotoninergic" or "noradrenergic" types of endogenous depression. Results of our as well as of other groups indicate that NA turnover (as measured by the excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymethylglycol-MHPG-) is low in patients who respond to imipramine and amphetamine and high in subjects who respond to amitriptyline and sleep deprivation. Conversely, 5-HT turnover (as measured by 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid concentration in cerebrospinal fluid) has been found to be low in patients who respond to clomipramine and amitriptyline and to be normal or high in those who respond tp nortriptyline. These findings suggest biochemical heterogeneity of depressions which are largely uniform in their clinical appearance. Further investigations are presented which indicate that, in addition to NA and 5-HT, acetylcholine functions contribute significantly to the regulation of mood and drive.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6125377&dopt=Abstract




Neuropharmacology. 1987 Jun;26(6):531-9.
Opioid receptors and neuropeptides in the CNS in rats treated chronically with amoxapine or amitriptyline.

Hamon M, Gozlan H, Bourgoin S, Benoliel JJ, Mauborgne A, Taquet H, Cesselin F, Mico JA.

The central mechanism responsible for the potentiation by antidepressant drugs of analgesia induced by morphine, was explored by measuring the levels of various neuropeptides (met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, dynorphin, substance P and cholecystokinin-like materials) and the density of delta and mu opioid binding sites in the spinal cord of rats treated for 14 days with amoxapine (10 mg/kg i.p., daily) or amitriptyline (10 mg/kg i.p., daily). Similar measurements were made in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex for comparison. Chronic treatment with amoxapine or amitriptyline did not affect the levels of dynorphin, substance P and cholecystokinin, but markedly enhanced the levels of leu-enkephalin in the three structures examined. The levels of met-enkephalin were also increased after treatment with amitriptyline but only in the spinal cord and hypothalamus. No changes in opioid receptors were found in the cerebral cortex, but the densities of delta and mu opioid binding sites were increased in the spinal cord, and decreased in the hypothalamus of rats treated with amoxapine or amitriptyline. These changes induced by antidepressants in opioidergic markers at the spinal level might account for the potentiation of the action of morphine in amoxapine- or amitriptyline-treated rats. In addition, the observed alterations in the same markers in the hypothalamus could be associated with changes induced by antidepressants in neuroendocrine regulation.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3037421&dopt=Abstract




J Pharm Sci. 1984 Aug;73(8):1056-8.
In vitro interaction of neuroleptics and tricylic antidepressants with coffee, tea, and gallotannic acid.

Lasswell WL Jr, Weber SS, Wilkins JM.

The in vitro interaction of selected drugs with coffee, tea, gallic acid, and gallotannic acid was examined by mixing solutions of drug with each of these four preparations. Results of these experiments indicate that significant precipitation occurs for a variety of agents, including several phenothiazines, amitriptyline, haloperidol, imipramine, and loxapine. The strong complex which is formed between these drugs and tannins is probably the basis of the interaction of these drugs with coffee and tea. Although precipitates did occur with a number of neuroleptics, two members of this drug class, thiothixene and molindone, failed to interact with the solutions used.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6149298&dopt=Abstract












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