Drugs online research references
Ther Drug Monit. 1982;4(4):365-9.
A sensitive gas chromatographic assay for amitriptyline and nortriptyline in plasma.
Hals PA, Lundgren TI, Aarbakke J.
A method for the quantitative determination of the tricyclic antidepressant drug amitriptyline (AT) and its active major metabolite, nortriptyline (NT), in plasma is described. The method involves a three-step extraction procedure, no derivatization, and a rapid run on a gas--liquid chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen detector. The standard curves were linear in the range of 25-1,000 ng/ml. The lower detection limit was 2-5 ng/ml for both drugs. The method is specific for AT and NT, with a recovery of AT and NT of 68 and 71%, respectively. The precision of the method, expressed as the coefficient of variation, was 10.7% for AT and 12.9% for NT within 25--1,000 ng/ml. The method has proven to be suitable for monitoring plasma levels of AT and NT in patients, and in animals during experimental studies on pharmacokinetics after therapeutic and toxic doses of NT.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7157460&dopt=Abstract
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988 Sep;246(3):956-62.
Regionally specific neural adaptation of beta adrenergic and 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptors after antidepressant administration in the forced swim test and after chronic antidepressant drug treatment.
Paul IA, Duncan GE, Powell KR, Mueller RA, Hong JS, Breese GR.
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill.
In the present investigation, experiments were performed in order to determine whether antidepressants are capable of inducing regionally specific adaptation of beta adrenergic and 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptors after chronic administration or when combined with the forced swim test. The drugs tested were imipramine, amitriptyline, pargyline and nomifensine. The regional pattern of beta adrenergic or 5-HT2 receptor binding changes induced after chronic treatment with these antidepressants was not uniform. All of the drugs reduced [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding to cortical membranes after chronic treatment but only two, imipramine and pargyline, did so in hippocampus. All of the antidepressants reduced cortical, but not hippocampal, beta adrenergic receptor binding after 2 days of treatment, indicating that the rate of antidepressant-induced neural adaptation is regionally specific. All of the drugs, except nomifensine, induced down regulation of both cortical and hippocampal 5-HT2 receptors after chronic treatment, as measured by [3H]ketanserin binding. The forced swim test accelerated the reduction of [3H] dihydroalprenolol binding in hippocampus induced by imipramine and pargyline while producing no further effect on cortical beta adrenergic receptors. The down-regulation of hippocampal, but not cortical 5-HT2 receptors by imipramine and pargyline was also facilitated in rats processed in the forced swim test. These results provide further support for the view that the forced swim antidepressant drug screen may be of heuristic value as a model of the adaptive neural mechanisms that accompany chronic antidepressant drug treatment. Furthermore, these data provide evidence that multiple neural mechanisms may be involved in the adaptive changes after antidepressant drug treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2843636&dopt=Abstract
J Pharm Sci. 1982 May;71(5):581-3.
High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of amitriptyline and its major metabolites in human whole blood.
Smith GA, Schulz P, Giacomini KM, Blaschke TF.
A sensitive, specific, high-pressure liquid chromatographic method using an internal standard was developed for the determination of amitriptyline and its major metabolites in whole blood. Analysis was carried out on a microparticulate silica column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-methanol-aqueous ammonium hydroxide (93:7:0.4). Linear calibration curves ranging to 250 ng/ml were obtained for all compounds using UV absorbance detection at 220 nm. The lower limit of detection was 2 ng/ml for amitriptyline and 10-hydroxyamitriptyline, and 6 and 16 ng/ml for nortriptyline and its 10-hydroxylated metabolite, respectively. Human whole blood samples collected after single intravenous and single oral doses can be analyzed using this procedure.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7097507&dopt=Abstract
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