Drugs online research references
Psychopharmacologia. 1972;24(2):247-57.
The action of imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin and butriptyline in an operant conditioning schedule.
Molinengo L, Ricci-Gamalero S.
PMID: 5031057
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1986 Dec;284(2):231-8.
Tricyclic antidepressant inhibition of the electrical evoked responses of the rat urinary bladder strip-effect of variation in extracellular Ca2+ concentration.
Akah PA.
The effects of tricyclic antidepressants-amitriptyline (AMI) and desipramine (DMI)--on the rat urinary bladder strip contractility evoked by field stimulation was studied at different calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations. In the normal Tyrode solution-(Ca2+ concentration 1.8 mM) the tricyclics reduced the electrical twitch heights. In this medium, the inhibitory effect of atropine on the twitch height was enhanced by these agents. When the Ca2+ concentration was increased 2-fold (3.6 mM) and 4-fold (7.2 mM) the effectiveness of the tricyclics was significantly reduced. When the Ca2+ concentration was reduced to one-quarter (0.45 mM) and half (0.9 mM), electrical stimulation of the strips produced contractions which were about 15% of the control twitch height in normal Tyrode solution. At these Ca2+ concentrations, the tricyclics did not produce a further reduction in twitch height. These results provide further evidence in favour of an interference with Ca2+ movement as the mechanism of the direct muscle relaxant effect of the tricyclics on the urinary bladder.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3827409&dopt=Abstract
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1981;74(2):161-5.
Citalopram: a new potent inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) uptake with central 5-HT-mimetic properties.
Pawlowski L, Ruczynska J, Gorka Z.
Citalopram (1--16 mg/kg), but not amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine or zimelidine, stimulated the hind limb flexor reflex in the spinal rat. This stimulatory effect was abolished by serotonin (5-HT) receptor blocking agents (cyproheptadine, metergoline) and prevented ty p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis. Citalopram (20 mg/kg), similarly but more strongly than clomipramine (20 mg/kg), prevented both fenfluramine- and p-chloroamphetamine-induced hyperthermia in rats kept at 28 degrees C. In contrast to amitriptyline and imipramine, citalopram did not reduce the number of quipazine-induced head twitches in rats (ID50 greater than 50 mg/kg). Also, unlike the above mentioned antidepressants, it did not antagonize, but rather potentiated the 5-HT-mediated rise in blood pressure in pithed rats. The results obtained indicate that, unlike the presently known inhibitors of 5-HT uptake, citalopram considerably potentiates serotonergic transmission, possibly by producing very strong inhibition of uptake without simultaneous blockade of the postsynaptic 5-HT receptors.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6267647&dopt=Abstract
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