Drugs online research references
Am J Physiol. 1975 Mar;228(3):959-63.
Synthesis of uric acid in isolated normothermic perfused mongrel and Dalmatian dog kidneys.
Quebbemann AJ, Cumming JD, Shideman JR, Toledo-Pereyra L.
Renal synthesis of uric acid (urate) in the dog was demonstrated by use of two isolated kidney preparations during pulsatile perfusion at 37 degrees C with artificial perfusate or with a plasma fraction. During perfusion of mongrel and Dalmatian dog kidneys with 0.5 mg of [14C]xanthine per 100 ml, a mean of 24.3 and 25.4 mug of [14C]urate per minute, respectively, entered either urine or perfusate after its synthesis in the isolated kidney. Approximately 6.2% of the combined extracellular radiolabeled urate formed in the isolated mongrel kidney was excreted in the urine and 15.7% in the urine of isolated Dalmatian dog kidneys. Recirculating the perfusate without the kidney did not convert any radioactively labeled xanthine to urate and therefore the radioactively labeled urate appearing in the urine and recycled perfusate must have been formed in the renal parenchyma. Renal synthesis of urate was blocked by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. In the presence of allopurinol, [14C]xanthine was excreted unchanged into the urine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1115259&dopt=Abstract
Biochem Int. 1990;21(2):357-66.
Antioxidant capacity of allopurinol in biological systems.
Faure M, Lissi EA, Videla LA.
Departamento de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile.
The antioxidant capacity of allopurinol was investigated in three biological systems by measurements of visible chemiluminescence, oxygen uptake and production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The addition of allopurinol to rat brain homogenates undergoing autoxidation and erythrocyte ghost membranes supplemented with 2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane), in concentrations up to 2 mM, has a negligible effect on lipid peroxidation development. In erythrocyte ghost membranes exposed to gamma irradiation (9.5 Gy/min), allopurinol inhibits the radiation-induced lipid peroxidation with a Q(1/2) of 2.0 mM. It is suggested that allopurinol may have an alternative antioxidant pathway of action in biological systems, probably through a scavenging action upon hydroxyl radicals.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2403373&dopt=Abstract
Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1989 Mar;63(3):385-94.
Protection against isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats by 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine or by irradiation.
Joseph X, Balazs T.
Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204.
Isoproterenol produces myocardial necrosis in rats. To investigate the possible role of oxygen free radicals generated by xanthine oxidase and neutrophils, we examined the effects of the xanthine oxidase inhibitors, 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and 6-thioguanine (6TG) combined and allopurinol, or of irradiation (to induce leukopenia) on isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis (ISOMN). The incidence and severity of ISOMN was significantly reduced by 6MP + 6TG but not by the specific inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, allopurinol, indicating that the protective effects of 6MP + 6TG may be due to its free radical scavenging activity rather than its xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Irradiation provided complete protection against ISOMN in all rats. Marked leukopenia or other radiation-induced protective factors could play a role in the mechanism of the protection.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2727390&dopt=Abstract
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