Drugs online research references
Stroke. 1986 Nov-Dec;17(6):1284-7.
Effect of allopurinol on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Itoh T, Kawakami M, Yamauchi Y, Shimizu S, Nakamura M.
In spontaneously hypertensive rats, we studied the participation of xanthine oxidase-linked free radical in ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury, using allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. The loss of righting reflex was noted in some animals after a 4 hour occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and 19 of 25 animals died within 72 hours after reperfusion. One hour after reperfusion, the cerebral water content increased significantly, with an increase in sodium content and a decrease in potassium content. In 7 animals treated with oral administrations of allopurinol (200 mg/kg) 24 hours and 1 hour before occlusion, no death was found either during occlusion or after reperfusion, and the loss of righting reflex was noted in only one animal 24-72 hours following reperfusion. The increase in cerebral water content and accompanied changes in electrolyte contents were clearly prevented by allopurinol. These results suggest the possibility that the production of xanthine oxidase-linked free radical participates in cerebral injury due to ischemia and reperfusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3027924&dopt=Abstract
Int J Pancreatol. 1991 Apr;8(3):227-34.
Effects of allopurinol on ischemic experimental pancreatitis.
Cassone E, Maneschi EM, Faccas JG.
Department of Surgery, School of Medical Science, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
The effect of allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, on canine experimental ischemic pancreatitis was studied. The animals were divided into nine groups: 1. Group 1. Control with pancreatic ischemia; 2. Group 2. Received allopurinol once, previous to ischemia; 3. Group 3. Received allopurinol once, immediately after ischemia; 4. Group 4. Received allopurinol immediately after ischemia and then daily; and 5. Groups 5, 6, and 7 were controls for the operation, allopurinol, and its vehicle, respectively; 6. Group 8 (pancreatic ischemia) and Group 9 (that received allopurinol after ischemia and daily) were also studied histologically. Serum amylase was determined in all animals. In Groups 1 and 5, following the ischemic period, hyperamylasemia developed and a peak was reached 24 h after ischemia. In Group 2, a significant decrease of amylase levels was found, compared to matched controls immediately after ischemia and then rose, reaching on the fifth day a peak that was less than the controls at 24 h. In Group 3, the serum amylase level increased immediately to values similar to controls; later, there was a drop to levels lower than those found in controls, followed by a peak on the fifth day. In Group 4, there was no significant elevation in the amylase values. Groups 6 and 7 showed no changes of amylasemia. In this experimental model, allopurinol blocked or ameliorated significantly cellular injury, as shown by a decrease of amylase levels in blood, and of histopathological changes, depending on dose and time of administration. These results offer the possibility of a prophylactic therapy for chronic relapsing and idiopathic pancreatitis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1711087&dopt=Abstract
Eur Surg Res. 1990;22(1):27-33.
60 min normothermic liver ischemia in rats: allopurinol improves energy status and bile flow during reperfusion.
Karwinski W, Drange A, Farstad M, Ulvik R, Soreide O.
Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Haukeland Hospital, Norway.
The effect of allopurinol was studied in a normothermic liver ischemia rat model. Functional (bile flow) and biochemical parameters (high-energy phosphates, ATP, ADP, AMP), energy charge, hypoxanthine and xanthine were determined prior to and during 60 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Allopurinol given in the preischemic period (50%) and as a bolus (50%) prior to reperfusion improved liver function significantly, whereas allopurinol given in the preischemic period (50%) and after start of reperfusion (50%) had no effect. The data indicates that allopurinol given prior to reperfusion saved hypoxanthine which was used for ATP resynthesis during reperfusion.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2379523&dopt=Abstract
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