Drugs online research references
Int J Pancreatol. 1998 Feb;23(1):25-9.
An ultrastructural study to investigate the effect of allopurinol on cerulein-induced damage to pancreatic acinar cells in rat.
Brunelli A, Scutti G.
Department of Research Nino Masera and University of Ancona School of Medicine, Italy.
CONCLUSION: Subcellular organelles and membranes were the structures most protected by allopurinol, indirectly demonstrating their role of main and early target of oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. BACKGROUND: The present work evaluates the ultrastructural changes during cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rat, with and without treatment with allopurinol. METHODS AND RESULTS: Supramaximal doses of cerulein, injected intraperitoneally (50 microg/kg) twice, at 1-h interval, caused severe subcellular alterations, including zymogen distribution, pathological vacuoles, and damage to organelles and membranes. Cotreatment (40 mg/kg ip twice with 1-h interval; n = 10 rats) and, most of all, pretreatment (40 mg/kg ip allopurinol, 1 h; 20 mg/kg ip allopurinol + 50 microg/kg ip cerulein, 30 min; 40 mng/kg ip allopurinol, 30 min; 50 microg/kg ip cerulein; n = 10 rats) with allopurinol showed significant morphological improvement.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9520088&dopt=Abstract
Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1993 Oct;53(6):625-31.
Decrease of ischaemia-reperfusion related lung oedema by continuous ventilation and allopurinol in rat perfusion lung model.
Okuda M, Furuhashi K, Nakai Y, Muneyuki M.
Department of Anaesthesiology, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan.
Using isolated perfusion rat lung model, we studied the effect of continuous ventilation without perfusion and allopurinol on the development of ischaemia-reperfusion lung injury. Ischaemia was induced by stopping the perfusion. Normothermic ischaemia for 90 min without ventilation caused significant lung oedema. Continuous ventilation during ischaemia with 21% O2 decreased lung oedema significantly after 60 min of reperfusion. The same protection could be achieved by 100% N2 ventilation during 90 min of ischaemia, suggesting that xanthine oxidase (XO) is unlikely to cause the ischaemia-reperfusion lung injury. On the other hand allopurinol, XO inhibitor, equally inhibited lung oedema after 90 min of ischaemia and 60 min of reperfusion. These results indicate that mechanical movement of alveoli provides successful preservation of ischaemic lung, and allopurinol has some protective effect other than XO inhibition.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8266010&dopt=Abstract
Gut. 1989 Feb;30(2):184-7.
Chemiluminescence of ischaemic and reperfused intestine in vivo.
Roldan EJ, Pinus CR, Turrens JF, Boveris A.
Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Low level chemiluminescence of exposed rat intestine was measured during occlusive ischaemia and reperfusion. Spontaneous emission of in vivo rat intestine (10 +/- 1 cps/cm2) decreased almost to zero in animals subjected to ischaemia and when the period of ischaemia lasted only two minutes, chemiluminescence increased beyond control levels (39%, three minutes after reperfusion) at intestine deligation. This overshoot did not occur when rats were pretreated with allopurinol (40 + 100 mg/kg bw). The ratio of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase activities was 3.46 in preischaemic intestine samples. The same ratio was changed to 0.35 in samples subjected to two minutes of ischaemia. As chemiluminescence appears to reflect the steady state level of singlet oxygen, which in turn derives from the steady state level of peroxy radicals, these results agree with the view that oxygen radicals derived from the xanthine oxidase reaction are involved in the cellular damage produced after ischaemia and reoxygenation in the intestine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2703141&dopt=Abstract
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