Drugs online research references
Eur Surg Res. 1997;29(6):429-37.
Allopurinol reduced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury exacerbated by inhalation of high-concentration oxygen in rats.
Matsumoto F, Sakai H, Yamaguchi M, Nakano H, Matsumiya A, Kumada K, Yoshida K, Shimura H, Machida H, Takeuchi S, Sasaya S, Midorikawa T, Sanada Y.
Department of Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
Exposure to high-concentration oxygen (O2) increases lipid peroxidation of the cellular membrane, leading to tissue injury which may involve hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We examined the effects of inhaling high-concentration O2 on hepatic I/R injury with allopurinol, which is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Partial hepatic ischemia was performed in rats with or without allopurinol under 21 or 100% O2 inhalation. Levels of lipid peroxide, serum liver enzymes, and hepatocellular oxidative stress in the 100% O2 group were significantly higher than in the 21% O2. Administration of allopurinol significantly inhibited those changes in the 100% O2 group. Severe degeneration of mitochondria were noted in the 100% O2 group, but appeared to be reduced by allopurinol. Results suggest that inhalation of high-concentration O2 during liver surgery may increase lipid peroxidation and exacerbate hepatic I/R injury, but those changes may be prevented by allopurinol.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9405965&dopt=Abstract
Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273(6 Pt 1):L1112-7.
Anoxia-reoxygenation versus ischemia in isolated rat lungs.
Zhao G, al-Mehdi AB, Fisher AB.
Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Oxidant generation in anoxia-reoxygenation and ischemia-reperfusion was compared in isolated rat lungs. Anoxia-reoxygenation was produced by N2 ventilation followed by O2 ventilation. After anoxia, lung ATP content was decreased by 59%. Oxygenated ischemia was produced by discontinuing perfusion while ventilation with O2 was maintained. With anoxia-reoxygenation, oxidant generation, evaluated by oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H2DCF) to fluorescent dichlorofluorescein, increased 3.6-fold, lung thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased 342%, conjugated dienes increased 285%, and protein carbonyl content increased 46%. Pretreatment of lungs with 100 microM allopurinol inhibited the reoxygenation-mediated increase in lung fluorescence by 75% and TBARS by 69%. Oxygenated ischemia resulted in an approximately eightfold increase in lung H2DCF oxidation and a fourfold increase in TBARS, but allopurinol had no effect. On the other hand, 100 microM diphenyliodonium (DPI) inhibited the ischemia-mediated increase in lung fluorescence by 69% and lung TBARS by 70%, but it had no effect on the increase with anoxia-reoxygenation. Therefore, both ischemia-reperfusion and anoxia-reoxygenation result in oxidant generation by the lung, but a comparison of results with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (allopurinol) and a flavoprotein inhibitor (DPI) indicate that the pathways for oxidant generation are distinctly different.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9435564&dopt=Abstract
J Korean Med Sci. 1996 Jun;11(3):239-43.
The protective effect of allopurinol on cholestatic liver injury induced by bile duct ligation.
Mun KC, Kwak CS, Kwon KY.
Department of Biochemistry and Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Taegu, Korea.
To determine whether oxygen free radicals are responsible for the pathogenesis of the cholestasis induced by ligation of common bile duct (CBD) variables which reflect the hepatic function in the serum, the amount of superoxide radical production, and xanthine oxidase(XO) activity were studied. The activity of serum alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin level in the serum and the amount of superoxide radical production were lower in a CBD ligation with allopurinol treated group than in a CBD ligation without allopurinol treated group. Abnormalities of the microscopic structures were reduced in a CBD ligation with allopurinol treated group than in a CBD ligation without allopurinol treated group. Allopurinol, an inhibitor of XO, prevented the hepatic damage induced by CBD ligation through the inhibition of XO. These experiments demonstrate that oxygen free radicals are responsible for the pathogenesis of the cholestatic liver.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8843006&dopt=Abstract
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