Drugs online research references
J Appl Physiol. 1991 Mar;70(3):1160-7.
Allopurinol-induced effects in premature baboons with respiratory distress syndrome.
Jenkinson SG, Roberts RJ, DeLemos RA, Lawrence RA, Coalson JJ, King RJ, Null DM Jr, Gerstmann DR.
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Audie L. Murphy Veterans Administration Hospital, San Antonio, Texas.
To test the hypothesis that administration of allopurinol could modify the response to prolonged hyperoxia in premature baboons (140 days gestation) with respiratory distress syndrome, we evaluated physiological, pathological, and lung biochemical parameters in groups of premature baboons treated with mechanical ventilation and exposed to various amounts of oxygen for 6 days. Three groups of experimental animals were studied, including animals that received oxygen as needed to maintain arterial oxygen between 60 and 80 Torr [inspiratory O2 concentration- (FIO2) PRN], animals that received 100% oxygen continuously but also received allopurinol intravenously at a dose of 10 mg.kg-1.day-1 (FIO2-1.0 + allopurinol), and animals that received 100% oxygen continuously and the vehicle for allopurinol administration (FIO2-1.0). Pathological examinations of the experimental animals showed evidence of lung injury in both 100% oxygen-exposed groups, but the allopurinol-treated animals had findings more compatible with the FIO2-PRN group, with relatively few macrophages or polymorphonuclear lymphocytes being present in lung tissue. Lungs of animals treated with allopurinol were also more distensible and had a trend toward decreased lung water compared with the FIO2-1.0 group. Allopurinol-treated animals were able to induce lung glutathione concentrations and glutathione-related and antioxidant enzyme activities compared with the normoxic control (FIO2-PRN) group. Ventilator pressure requirements were also decreased in the allopurinol-treated animals compared with the FIO2-1.0 controls after 42 h. These data suggest that treatment of hyperoxia-exposed premature baboons with allopurinol for the first 6 days of life results in significant changes in lung responses and antioxidant defenses compared with vehicle-treated baboons exposed to 100% oxygen for the same time period.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2032982&dopt=Abstract
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1991 Mar;18(3):127-30.
Oleic acid-induced injuries in the guinea-pig. Effects of allopurinol on cell dynamics, erythrocyte-catalase and uric acid plasma levels.
Hultkvist-Bengtsson U, Martensson L.
Department of Zoophysiology, University of Lund, Sweden.
1. Oleic acid was used to produce adult respiratory distress syndrome-like pulmonary microvascular injuries. The resulting injuries have previously indicated involvement of accumulating neutrophils (Hultkvist et al. 1988). Activated neutrophils release oxygen free radicals that may be possible to detect in the plasma. 2. The dynamics of neutrophils and platelets were studied in the guinea-pig after oleic acid-induced injury (0.03 ml/kg per 10 min). 3. As an indication of oxygen free radical activity, plasma levels of uric acid and red blood cell (RBC)-catalase, were analysed. 4. Allopurinol (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was given prior to oleic acid infusion to block the production of uric acid. 5. The neutropenia, in contrast to the thrombocytopenia seen at 15 min, was significantly inhibited in the allopurinol pretreated group compared with oleic acid and vehicle alone. 6. The blood plasma concentration of uric acid was significantly elevated after 15 min from start of experiment. Allopurinol pretreatment significantly reduced the uric acid plasma level. 7. The RBC catalase activity did not change with time within or between any groups. 8. The results indicate that sequestration of activated neutrophils in the microvasculature are to some extent oxygen free radical dependent.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2054954&dopt=Abstract
Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 1990 Sep;87(9):1809-14.
[Evaluation of SOD activity in gastric mucosa of hemorrhagic shock rats]
[Article in Japanese]
Iwai A, Itoh M, Yokoyama Y, Yasue N, Joh T, Imai S, Matsusako K, Endoh K, Katoh N, Matsuba S, et al.
First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) exogenously administered has been documented to protect gastric mucosa against ischemia-reinfusion injury by scavenging oxygen radicals. However, the changes in levels of endogenous SOD in ischemic gastric mucosa are not known. To evaluate this, the present study was designed. METHODS: Fasted and anesthetized SD rats were given 0.1 N HCl i.g. and received the following procedures. Study 1: (1) Ischemia group--25 min after acid instillation, blood pressure was reduced to 20-30 mmHg for 20 min. (2) Ischemia-Reinfusion group--5 min after acid administration, rats received the same hypotension as above followed by reinfusion of shed blood for 20 min. (3) Control group-Rats were killed 45 min later without hypotension and reinfusion. Study 2: Three groups of rats treated with the same procedures as in Study 1 were given allopurinol (50 mg/kg/day) i.g. once daily for 2 days prior to the experiment. All rats were killed by exsanguination from the carotid artery to avoid as much as possible contamination of gastric mucosal samples with red blood cells rich in SOD. The supernatants of the corpus and antral mucosa homogenized were prepared for measuring their SOD activity using the nitrite method modified by Oyanagui. RESULTS: SOD activity in the gastric mucosa significantly increased in both the Ischemia (Ische.) and Ischemia-Reinfusion (I-R) groups compared to the control (Ische. vs. I-R vs. Cont'l: corpus-123.4 +/- 4.8 vs. 127.4 +/- 3.6 vs. 96.9 +/- 4.4 NU/Mg protein; antrum-71.6 +/- 2.8 vs. 81.4 +/- 6.8 vs. 62.1 +/- 3.1 NU/mg protein). No increase in SOD activity was observed in rats pretreated with allopurinol. CONCLUSION: SOD activity increases with oxyradicals generation in the rat stomach subjected to either hemorrhagic ischemia alone or hemorrhagic ischemia plus reinfusion. This also suggests that oxyradicals are generated even in the ischemic period.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2250389&dopt=Abstract
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