Drugs online research references
J Surg Res. 1988 Jul;45(1):28-36.
Allopurinol and lodoxamide in complement-induced hepatic ischemia.
Schirmer WJ, Schirmer JM, Naff GB, Fry DE.
Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
Intravascular complement activation with either zymosan or cobra venom factor (CVF) impairs hepatic blood flow. Oxygen radical scavengers given at the time of complement activation attenuate the resulting hepatic ischemia. It is not clear whether complement-stimulated phagocytes or transiently ischemic then reperfused endothelial and parenchymal cells generated the toxic oxygen radicals. In this study, a group of rats were given allopurinol (50 mg/kg/day postoperatively X 3 days plus 100 mg/kg iv at t = 0), a specific inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, prior to complement activation with CVF (20 units/kg iv at t = 30 and 60 min) to determine whether xanthine oxidase-derived oxygen radicals contributed significantly to the hepatic perfusion abnormalities. Additional rats received lodoxamide tromethamine (10 mg/kg iv bolus at t = 0 followed by 20 mg/kg/hr iv infusion), a novel and potent inhibitor of mast cell release and inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, prior to the same CVF challenge to determine whether mast cell mediators were involved in the flow disturbance. Thermodilution cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, hematocrit, and effective hepatic blood flow (EHBF) by galactose clearance were determined at t = 2 hr. The percentage change in total hemolytic complement activity (% delta CH50) was determined between serum obtained prior to sacrifice and at t = 0. Systemic hemodynamics and HCT were for the most part unaffected regardless of pretreatment group or challenge with CVF or saline. CVF challenge produced a 25% reduction (P less than 0.05) in EHBF in vehicle-pretreated rats compared to saline challenge. Neither allopurinol nor lodoxamide tromethamine significantly improved EHBF when given prior to CVF challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3260642&dopt=Abstract
Parasitol Res. 1987;73(4):298-302.
Pathophysiology of hypoxia in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.
Hioki A, Yoshino M, Kano S, Ohtomo H.
Pathophysiological significance of hypoxia in malarial infection was investigated in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65. Intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with 1 X 10(7) parasitized red blood cells resulted in death of the hosts 6-7 days later. Anaemia of infected animals developed on day 4 after inoculation and oxygen affinity of whole blood, measured as P50 act pH, increased simultaneously. This change may be a physiological adaptive response to a reduction in oxygen delivery to the tissues to day 5. However, the blood oxygen supply on day 6 appeared to be deteriorating and this is thought to be an important factor contributing to the death of the host. The value of adenylate energy charge in red cells during malarial infection, however, was comparatively well-maintained. Allopurinol stimulated the multiplication of malaria parasites and seems to have induced collapse in host-parasite balance more rapidly. Decrease in blood pH and in blood oxygen transport may be important factors for the pathogenesis of the allopurinol-treated hosts.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3303017&dopt=Abstract
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1986 Apr 26;116(17):572-4.
[Prevention of acute renal insufficiency due to nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis]
[Article in French]
Scherrer P, Perret C.
Nine patients with nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis underwent preventive treatment for acute renal failure (ARF) (vascular filling, furosemide, dopamine, Na bicarbonate, allopurinol). Four patients developed functional azotemia and 4 others ARF with conserved diuresis and normalization of renal function without substitutive treatment. Only one patient remained oligoanuric and needed hemodialysis for 3 weeks. Comparing these 3 groups it appears that the severity of the renal impairment is due on one hand to the extent of the muscular lysis and on the other to early commencement of preventive treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3715436&dopt=Abstract
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