Drugs online research references
nero.rph.health.wa.gov.au
Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a severe, life-threatening illness with up to one-third mortality. We report a retrospective analysis of all cases treated in Royal Perth Hospital over a 20-year period from July 1978 to June 1998, by analysis of medical records. A total of 12 patients with an age range of 23-73 years was identified. The female to male ratio was 2:1, with age of onset earlier in females. All cases were associated with medications, most commonly antibiotics, anticonvulsants and allopurinol. The mortality rate was one-third (four deaths), mostly resulting from cardiorespiratory failure, renal failure and sepsis. Risk factors for death were advanced age and severe underlying disease, including diabetes, alcoholic liver disease sepsis and malignancy. Among the six patients treated with systemic corticosteroids there was only one death. Treatment with corticosteroids appeared to be beneficial, with such patients having both fewer complications and a lower mortality rate.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10715897&dopt=Abstract
J Qual Clin Pract. 2000 Mar;20(1):42-3.
Quality use of allopurinol in the elderly.
Smith P, Karlson N, Nair BR.
Department of Geriatric Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Allupurinol is a commonly prescribed drug. However, the use of this drug is not based on evidence and guidelines. We audited Allopurinol prescriptions in patients aged 65 years and over in a teaching hospital over 22 weeks. In 47% of patients the dose was higher than recommended and in 40% it was lower. Quality use of medications is an important issue to maintain quality of life in the elderly.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10821456&dopt=Abstract
J Immunol. 2000 Jun 15;164(12):6487-94.
Neutrophil-induced changes in the biomechanical properties of endothelial cells: roles of ICAM-1 and reactive oxygen species.
Wang Q, Doerschuk CM.
Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
This study evaluated the changes in the biomechanical properties of endothelial cells (ECs) induced by neutrophil adhesion and the roles of ICAM-1 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulating these changes. Neutrophil adherence to 24-h TNF-alpha-activated pulmonary microvascular ECs induced an increase in the apparent stiffness of ECs within 2 min, measured with magnetic twisting cytometry. An anti-ICAM-1 Ab blocked the EC stiffening response without inhibiting neutrophil adherence. Moreover, cross-linking ICAM-1 mimicked the stiffening response induced by neutrophils. The neutrophil-induced increase in the apparent stiffness of ECs was inhibited with 1% DMSO (a hydroxyl radical scavenger), allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor), or deferoxamine (an iron chelator), suggesting that ROS may be involved in mediating the EC stiffening response. The cellular sources of ROS were determined by measuring the oxidation of dichlorofluorescein. Neutrophil adherence to TNF-alpha-activated ECs induced ROS production only in ECs, and not in neutrophils. This ROS production in ECs was completely prevented by the anti-ICAM-1 Ab and partially inhibited by allopurinol. These results suggest that ICAM-1-mediated signaling events during neutrophil adherence may activate xanthine oxidase, which in turn mediates the ROS production in ECs that leads to stiffening. ROS generated in ECs on neutrophil adherence appear to mediate cytoskeletal remodeling, which may modulate subsequent inflammatory responses.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10843706&dopt=Abstract
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