Drugs online research references
Brain Res. 1994 Oct 10;660(1):50-6.
Electroconvulsive shock increases interstitial concentrations of uric acid in the rat brain.
Nomikos GG, Zis AP, Damsma G, Fibiger HC.
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
This study examined the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on striatal interstitial concentrations of the purine metabolite uric acid (UA) using microdialysis in freely moving rats. UA increased to about 200% of baseline following ECS. Intense seizure activity induced by the convulsant agent flurothyl also resulted in a two-fold increase of UA concentrations suggesting that the ECS-induced UA increase is related to the seizure activity per se. Local administration of tetrodotoxin or perfusion with a Ca(2+)-free solution failed to affect the basal or the ECS-induced increase in UA concentrations. These data indicate that both the basal and the stimulated interstitial concentrations of uric acid are not dependent upon neuronal activity and exocytotic release. The UA response to ECS appears to be refractory to a second ECS delivered 2 but not 24 h after the first. Intrastriatal infusion of allopurinol (1 mM), an inhibitor of UA synthesis, decreased basal UA concentrations to 26% but did not influence the ECS-induced UA increase. Systemic injection of allopurinol (20 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased basal UA concentrations to 25% and prevented the ECS-induced UA elevation. ECS also increased serum concentrations of UA to almost 200% of baseline. Allopurinol (20 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly decreased serum UA concentrations to non-detectable levels and completely abolished the ECS-induced increase. The estimated concentration difference between blood and brain interstitial UA strongly suggests that ECS-induced increase in brain interstitial UA concentrations is of peripheral origin possibly due to disruption of the blood brain barrier during seizure activity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7828001&dopt=Abstract
Circ Shock. 1987;23(3):205-13.
Experimental endotoxemia increases plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentrations in dogs with and without free-radical scavenger therapy.
Novotny MJ, Turrentine MA, Johnson GS, Adams HR.
Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
Pentobarbital-anesthetized beagles were infused with physiologic saline (control dogs) or E. coli endotoxin (1.5 mg/kg i.v.) for 1 min. The plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) concentration, a potential index of endothelial damage, was monitored before and for 4 h after endotoxin challenge. The plasma vWf:Ag concentration increased only slightly in the control dogs (n = 6); whereas, in dogs infused with endotoxin (n = 20), the vWf:Ag concentration increased progressively to 2.1 times prechallenge values in 4 h. In addition to endotoxin, some of these dogs were treated with free-radical scavengers; allopurinol (n = 3), allopurinol plus superoxide dismutase and catalase (n = 6), or deferoxamine (n = 5). The free-radical scavengers did not prevent endotoxin-induced increases in vWf:Ag concentration.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3322605&dopt=Abstract
Br J Urol. 1985 Oct;57(5):500-4.
Use of the discriminant index in dynamic treatment to reduce recurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stones.
Perlberg S, Azoury R, Garti N, Sarig S.
Treatment with phosphates, thiazides and allopurinol was undertaken in 54 idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers, 38 of whom were recurrent stone formers. The patients were followed up for 1 1/2 to 4 years (mean 2.6). During the same period at the pre-treatment stage the patients formed 80 stones, but during therapy only one stone was formed. A dynamic scheme of therapy was used. Each patient was tested before the start of drug treatment by the discriminant index (DI) method, which measures the overall inhibitory potential to calcium oxalate crystallisation. About 10 days after the start of treatment the DI was tested again. If the response was positive, therapy was continued; if not, the patient was given another drug. Adjustments were made as required. The stopping of stone formation correlated well with the DI prediction but less well with the hypocalciuric effect of the drugs.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2998532&dopt=Abstract
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