Drugs online research references
Ma Zui Xue Za Zhi. 1992 Jun;30(2):65-70.
[Mannitol reduces plasma hydrogen peroxide free radical in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery]
[Article in Chinese]
Yang MW, Lin CY, Hung HL, Chan KH, Lin KY, Lee TY, Chan SH.
Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
During the procedure of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), the release of free oxygen radicals as a result of ischemia and reperfusion which plants the seeds of post-operative low cardiac output and arrhythmias has grave consequence on the reestablishment of cardiac function. A variety of chemical agents such as mannitol, allopurinol, catalase (Q-10) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) has proved to be considerably effective to improve the myocardial necrosis following ischemia and reperfusion. In this study we chose mannitol (0.2 gm/kg) as the free oxygen radicals scavenger and utilized mass spectrophotometric method to detect the variation of concentration of [H2O2], a by-product of free oxygen radical, in an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of mannitol in this regard in patients undergoing CABG. Patients were divided into experimental group (n = 19) and control group (n = 20). In the experimental group the concentration of [H2O2] changed from 61 +/- 24 microM/L pre-operatively to 77 +/- 18 microM/L post-operatively as against 75 +/- 31 microM/L and 99 +/- 31 microM/L respectively in the control group. In comparison, only the change in experimental group was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). We confirmed that mannitol functions considerably as a free oxygen radical scavenger since it reduces the production of [H2O2] in patients undergoing CABG.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1528101&dopt=Abstract
J Clin Invest. 1988 May;81(5):1556-62.
Xanthine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide contributes to ischemia reperfusion-induced edema in gerbil brains.
Patt A, Harken AH, Burton LK, Rodell TC, Piermattei D, Schorr WJ, Parker NB, Berger EM, Horesh IR, Terada LS, et al.
Department of Surgery, Webb-Waring Lung Institute, Denver, Colorado.
The contribution of toxic O2 metabolites to cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury has not been determined. We found that gerbils subjected to temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion (ischemia) consistently developed neurologic deficits during ischemia with severities that correlated with increasing degrees of brain edema and brain H2O2 levels after reperfusion. In contrast, gerbils treated just before reperfusion (after ischemia) with dimethylthiourea (DMTU), but not urea, had decreased brain edema and brain H2O2 levels. In addition, gerbils fed a tungsten-rich diet for 4, 5, or 6 wk developed progressive decreases in brain xanthine oxidase (XO) and brain XO + xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) activities, brain edema, and brain H2O2 levels after temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. In contrast to tungsten-treated gerbils, allopurinol-treated gerbils did not have statistically significant decreases in brain XO or XO + XD levels, and reduced brain edema and brain H2O2 levels occurred only in gerbils developing mild but not severe neurologic deficits during ischemia. Finally, gerbils treated with DMTU or tungsten all survived, while greater than 60% of gerbils treated with urea, allopurinol, or saline died by 48 h after temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. Our findings indicate that H2O2 from XO contributes to reperfusion-induced edema in brains subjected to temporary ischemia.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3130395&dopt=Abstract
Ryumachi. 1991 Feb;31(1):28-35.
[A study on treatment of hyperuricemia--effects and kinetics of allopurinol and oxipurinol]
[Article in Japanese]
Hosoya T, Ichida K, Tabe A, Sakai O.
Second Department of Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo.
In order to study the effects and pharmacokinetics of allopurinol (hereafter abbreviated to allo.) and oxipurinol (hereafter abbreviated to oxi.) six normal human subjects were given a single oral dose of either allo. (300mg) or oxi. (600mg), followed by serial determinations of serum and urinary levels of allo., oxi., uric acid, hypoxanthine (hereafter abbreviated to hx.) and xanthine (hereafter abbreviated x.) over a six-hour period. With a dose of 300mg of allo. or 600mg of oxi., the patterns of serum uric acid were similar. When 300mg of allo. was given, however, a reduction in the serum uric acid level occurred earlier. Additionally, it was found that urinary excretion of oxi. generally paralleled the plasma concentration. Allo. administration resulted in rises in plasma concentration of x., and urinary excretion of x. and hx. Oxi. administration, on the other hand, did not cause significant changes in the plasma content of x. or urinary excretory volume of hx. Only a slight increase was noted in the amount of x. excreted in the urine. When allo. was compared against oxi., pharmacokinetics of oxypurines, especially x. were found to differ markedly. The results suggested that differences in the reaction sites, varied intra- and extra-cellular distributions of allo. and oxi., and different effects on purine biosynthesis contribute to the aforementioned discrepancies.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1857993&dopt=Abstract
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