Drugs online research references
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998 Sep;13(9):2322-6.
Renal insufficiency after heart transplantation: a case-control study.
van Gelder T, Balk AH, Zietse R, Hesse C, Mochtar B, Weimar W.
Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, The Netherlands.
BACKGROUND: In Rotterdam 304 heart transplants have been performed since 1984. End-stage renal failure, necessitating renal replacement therapy, has developed in 24 patients (8%) after an interval of 25-121 months (median 79 months). After starting renal replacement therapy one-year survival was only 60%. Overall survival after heart transplantation, however, was favourable: 5 and 10 year survival rates of 79% and 50% respectively. METHODS: A case-control study was performed to identify possible risk factors in cases who went on to develop end-stage renal failure compared to controls. RESULTS: We found that renal failure was not limited to elderly patients with ischaemic heart disease, but also occurred in young patients having dilated cardiomyopathy. A significant rise in the serum creatinine was found in cases compared to controls as early as 3 months after transplantation. Cyclosporin dose and trough levels were not different between cases and controls. Neither were there differences in the use of calcium-antagonists or other antihypertensive drugs, allopurinol or diuretics. Rejection incidence was also similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Renal failure after heart transplantation is a long term complication of cyclosporin use that is not limited to elderly patients with ischaemic heart disease. Cyclosporin dose and trough levels in the cases were not different from patients maintaining stable good renal function, indicating that cyclosporin nephrotoxicity is the result of an individually determined susceptibility to cyclosporin. Suggestions for future strategies to prevent renal failure are given.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9761516&dopt=Abstract
Surgery. 1993 Feb;113(2):184-91.
Reperfusion mucosal damage after complete intestinal ischemia in the dog: the effects of antioxidant and phospholipase A2 inhibitor therapy.
Boros M, Karacsony G, Kaszaki J, Nagy S.
Institute of Experimental Surgery, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Medical University, Szeged, Hungary.
In a recent study, reperfusion mucosal injury was demonstrated in a rat model of total ischemia if venous congestion was avoided. The aims were to examine the possibility of reperfusion damage in a canine model involving 2 hours of complete segmental ischemia and to investigate the effects of antioxidant therapy or pretreatment with nonspecific phospholipase A2 inhibitors on postocclusive mucosal changes. Tissue samples were evaluated histologically in a blind manner, according to a 0 to V grade scale. The degree of mucosal damage was statistically significantly increased during the 30-minute reperfusion period. Similarly, 2 hours of total ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion produced significantly more tissue lesions than did 2 1/2 hours of ischemia without reperfusion. Oral allopurinol pretreatment supplemented by an intravenous dose, or oral allopurinol in combination with a superoxide radical scavenger, resulted in a significant amelioration of postischemic histologic changes. Pretreatment with a nonspecific phospholipase A2 inhibitor (methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, or quinacrine) was ineffective in diminishing the reperfusion injury in either case. The results suggest that reperfusion injury may develop even after complete intestinal ischemia, and this damage can be attenuated by inhibiting the capacity of xanthine oxidase to generate reactive oxygen intermediates.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8430367&dopt=Abstract
Hiroshima J Med Sci. 2000 Jun;49(2):101-3.
Subjective sensation of heaviness in gout patients.
Toda K.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Miharashi Ishikai Hospital, Japan.
The main objective of the treatment of gout is to protect the major organs. Almost all gout patients require medication throughout their lives. Gout patients are asymptomatic during intercritical periods, even if they are not receiving antihyperuricemic drugs. Some patients, therefore, misinterpret that their gout is cured and may cease taking medication of their own accord. Thirty-two gout patients who had received continuous treatment with antihyperuricemic drugs for more than 3 months were selected. The sensation of heaviness was relieved by antihyperuricemic drugs in 14 (44%) of 32 patients. The heaviness did not exist or change in the other patients. Benzbromarone, probenecid, and allopurinol were found to be effective. The sensation of heaviness occurred after increased physical activity in 10 of 14 patients. Of 14 patients, 12 did not notice that the sensation of heaviness was relieved by antihyperuricemic drugs. Two hypotheses for the cause of heaviness are considered. One is mild gouty neuropathy, the other low-grade inflammation. A proper understanding that this symptom is relieved by antihyperuricemic drugs may serve as additional motivation for gout patients to take their medication regularly.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10920575&dopt=Abstract
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