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med.uni-heidelberg.de
Despite early antiviral treatment, herpes simples virus encephalitis (HSVE) still remains a life-threatening sporadic disease with high mortality and morbidity. In patients and in experimental disease, chronic progressive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities have been found even after antiviral therapy. Secondary autoimmune-mediated and not directly virus-mediated mechanisms might play a key role for the outcome of disease. This study aimed to evaluate a possible beneficial effect of a therapy of acyclovir and corticosteroids versus acyclovir only. In a mouse model of HSVE (intranasal inoculation with 10(5) pfu [plaque-forming units] of HSV-1 strain F), a long-term MRI study was realized. Cranial MRI was performed serially at days 2, 7, 14, 21, 60, and 180 in different therapy groups: 1, saline; 2, acyclovir; 3, acyclovir, subsequently methylprednisolone; 4, sham-infected with saline. Brain viral load peaked at day 7 to decline thereafter to a low baseline value. Viral load in group 1 was significantly higher than in animals with antiviral therapy. In group 4, no viral DNA was detectable. Viral load did not differ significantly between acyclovir and acyclovir/corticosteroid-treated groups, suggesting that the use of corticosteroids in addition to acyclovir does not increase viral burden. MRI findings in untreated and acyclovir-treated animals revealed chronic progressive changes. In contrast, there was a significant reduction of the severity of long-term MRI abnormalities in acyclovir/corticosteroid-treated animals. With respect to abnormal MRI findings, this study demonstrates a clear beneficial effect of an acyclovir and corticosteroid therapy without influencing brain viral load.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12587075&dopt=Abstract
excite.co.jp
OBJECTIVES: Bell's palsy has recently been claimed to be caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. The anti-viral agent acyclovir is a specific inhibitor of herpesvirus replication, and the most effective agent for the treatment herpesvirus infection. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effect of acyclovir on the facial nerve paralysis included by HSV-1 infection. METHODS: We succeeded in producing an animal model of acute and transient facial nerve paralysis induced with HSV-1 neuritis simulating human Bell's palsy. In this study, acyclovir administration was performed before and after facial nerve paralysis, and continued for 5 days. Controls were given phosphate-buffer saline (PBS) instead of acyclovir, and the incidence and duration of facial nerve paralysis was compared in the acyclovir groups and controls. RESULTS: The incidence of facial nerve paralysis was significantly lower in the group given acyclovir before the paralysis than in the controls, and the duration of facial nerve paralysis was shorter. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of acyclovir before the paralysis reduced the incidence and duration of facial nerve paralysis. Administration of acyclovir after the paralysis improved the duration of facial nerve paralysis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12589842&dopt=Abstract
Int J Pharm. 2003 Mar 6;253(1-2):159-68.
Effect of Azone upon the in vivo antiviral efficacy of cidofovir or acyclovir topical formulations in treatment/prevention of cutaneous HSV-1 infections and its correlation with skin target site free drug concentration in hairless mice.
Afouna MI, Fincher TK, Zaghloul AA, Reddy IK.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham, St No 522-3, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. afounamohsen
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