Drugs online research references





iss.it

The efficacy of anti-herpetic drugs in decreasing HIV disease progression has not been clarified. We studied a cohort of 126 HIV-positive individuals with known date of seroconversion who were HSV-2-seropositive to determine if progression to AIDS was influenced by treatment with acyclovir. In the multivariate analysis, being homosexual and low CD4 count were associated with a faster progression to AIDS, whereas treatment with acyclovir showed a 37.0% protective effect compared to those who did not receive it when antiretroviral treatment was not included in the model. When including antiretroviral therapy, the protective effect of acyclovir decreased to 9.0% and that of antiretroviral therapy was 43.0% for monotherapy and 36.0% for double therapy, suggesting that most of the protective effect of acyclovir in the previous model was due to antiretroviral therapy. In conclusion, treatment with acyclovir does not seem to prolong significantly survival to AIDS among HIV-positive individuals who are HSV-2-infected.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12553484&dopt=Abstract




J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2002 Sep-Dec;5(3):285-91.
Mathematical modelling of preparation of acyclovir liposomes: reverse phase evaporation method.

Seth AK, Misra A.

Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Maharaja Sayajirao University, Baroda, India.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to derive simple reduced second order polynomial equation for constructing contour plots to obtain predetermined % drug entrapment (PDE) within liposomes of acyclovir (ACY) when prepared by reverse phase evaporation (REV) method using technique of three variables at three levels (3(3)) factorial design. METHOD: Three independent variables selected were volume of organic phase (x(1)), volume of aqueous phase (x(2)), and Drug/Phosphatidylcholine (PC) /Cholesterol (CHOL) in molar ratio (x(3)). Based on factorial design, twenty-seven batches of ACY liposomes were prepared by REV method. Prepared liposomal batches were evaluated for size, lamellarity, and PDE. The PDE (dependent variable) and the transformed values of independent variables were subjected to multiple regressions to establish a second order polynomial equation (full model). To simplify the equation, F-statistic was applied to reduce polynomial equation (reduced model) by neglecting nonsignificant (p>0.05) terms. The coefficient value for independent variable, Drug/PC/CHOL in molar ratio (x(3)) was found to be maximum (b(3) = 2.52) and hence the variable x(3) was considered to be a major contributing variable for PDE within liposomes by REV method. The reduced polynomial equation was used to plot three two-dimensional contour plots at a fixed levels of -1, 0 and 1 of major contributing variable (x(3)) to obtain various combinations of values of two other independent variables (x(1) & x(2)) at predetermined PDE. The conformity of the established equation was checked by preparing three batches three times taking values of the independent variables from the contour plots for prefixed value of PDE. RESULTS: Prefixed PDE value taken for designing the experiment and results obtained experimentally were compared using student 't' test and difference between experimentally obtained and theoretically calculated values of PDE was found to be statistically nonsignificant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study establishes the role of the derived equation and plotted contour plots in predicting the values of independent variables for preparation of ACY liposomes by REV method having predetermined PDE.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12553898&dopt=Abstract

biof.ufrj.br

The decoction of Cocos nucifera L. husk fiber has been used in northeastern Brazil traditional medicine for treatment of diarrhea and arthritis. Water extract obtained from coconut husk fiber and fractions from adsorption chromatography revealed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The crude extract and one of the fractions rich in catechin also showed inhibitory activity against acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1-ACVr). All fractions were inactive against the fungi Candida albicans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cryptococcus neoformans. Catechin and epicatechin together with condensed tannins (B-type procyanidins) were demonstrated to be the components of the water extract.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12558183&dopt=Abstract












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