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utmb.edu

Productive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication characterizes hairy leukoplakia, an oral epithelial lesion typically occurring in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Serial tongue biopsy specimens were obtained from HIV-infected subjects before, during, and after valacyclovir treatment. EBV replication was detected by Southern hybridization to linear terminal EBV genome fragments, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification of EBV replicative gene transcripts, immunohistochemical detection of EBV replicative protein, and in situ hybridization to EBV DNA. EBV replication was detected in both hairy leukoplakia and normal tongue tissues. Valacyclovir treatment completely abrogated EBV replication in vivo, resulting in resolution of hairy leukoplakia when it was present. EBV replication returned in normal tongue epithelial cells after valacyclovir treatment. These data suggest that normal oral epithelium supports persistent EBV infection in individuals infected with HIV and that productive EBV replication is necessary but not sufficient for the pathogenesis of oral hairy leukoplakia.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11740724&dopt=Abstract




Transplantation. 1997 Sep 27;64(6):848-52.
Reduced incidence of Epstein-Barr virus-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder using preemptive antiviral therapy.

Darenkov IA, Marcarelli MA, Basadonna GP, Friedman AL, Lorber KM, Howe JG, Crouch J, Bia MJ, Kliger AS, Lorber MI.

Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8062, USA.

BACKGROUND: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) has been observed with increasing frequency consequent to the availability of more effective and potent immunosuppression. Prior work suggested that a peripheral blood monitoring strategy detecting peripheral B lymphoproliferation was effective in the early diagnosis of PTLD among 7 of 179 (3.9%) consecutive transplant recipients. Each of those seven patients received at least one course of antithymocyte globulin, Minnesota antilymphocyte globulin, or OKT3 before developing PTLD. METHODS: To determine whether antiviral prophylaxis might reduce the incidence of PTLD, a subsequent group of 198 consecutive recipients received either ganciclovir or acyclovir during antilymphocyte antibody administration. When the donor or recipient were cytomegalovirus-seropositive, ganciclovir was given; acyclovir was used when both were cytomegalovirus-seronegative. Baseline and protocol posttransplant cell surface profiles were obtained using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry to detect T cells, lymphocyte activation markers, and the CD19 B cell antigen. RESULTS: Demographic factors, including the incidence of recipients more than 50 years of age, non-Caucasians, previous transplantation, and diabetes mellitus, were similar in both groups. Additionally, the number of patients receiving antilymphocyte preparations was similar. However, only one patient (0.5%) from the latter group who received preemptive antiviral therapy developed PTLD. Although elevations in CD19+ B cells preceded clinical PTLD among each of the seven earlier patients, evidence of peripheral B cell proliferation was not demonstrated for the sole patient from the latter group, which suggests a possible effect of antiviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic antiviral therapy may reduce the sensitivity of peripheral monitoring for B lymphoproliferation, but the dramatic reduction in PTLD incidence strongly supports its use among transplant recipients at risk.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9326409&dopt=Abstract




Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Sep;38(9):2175-9.
Substrate specificity of Epstein-Barr virus thymidine kinase.

Tung PP, Summers WC.

Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8040.

Purified recombinant protein encoded by the BXLF-I open reading frame of the Epstein-Barr virus genome has thymidine kinase activity. The substrate behaviors of various nucleosides toward this enzyme were tested. Halogenated deoxyuridines, zidovudine, and bromovinyldeoxyuridine are efficient substrates, while acyclovir and dihydroxypropylmethylguanine are relatively poor substrates for the Epstein-Barr virus thymidine kinase.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7811040&dopt=Abstract












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