Drugs online research references
post.tau.ac.il
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the direct medical burden and work loss associated with uncomplicated chickenpox in Israel. METHODS: A total of 155 otherwise healthy children and adolescents with chickenpox were recruited from 10 physician offices in central Israel. Direct and indirect medical burdens were determined by caregiver interview. RESULTS: Mean age was 3.3+/-2.3 years. 51% of the patients were under 3 years of age. Each patient made on average 1.15 visits to a general practitioner. Most patients were taken to the Doctor's office only once during the illness while 23 patients (15%) were seen twice. Three patients were referred to the emergency room. Antihistamines (39%) and Calamine lotion (28%) were the most frequently prescribed medications, followed by acyclovir (17%) and antibiotics (6%). Following the patient's illness there were 72 cases of secondary spread of varicella to household members. The individuals who cared for the child missed a combined total of 2.5 days from work (on average per varicella episode). CONCLUSIONS: Israeli children acquire chickenpox at a younger age than children in North America and England and consume more prescribed medications. While the work loss in the present study was comparable to previous reports, the direct medical costs inflicted by this infection in Israel are not negligible even for uncomplicated cases.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12423610&dopt=Abstract
J Pharm Sci. 2002 Dec;91(12):2593-8.
Preliminary pharmacokinetic study of different preparations of acyclovir with beta-cyclodextrin.
Luengo J, Aranguiz T, Sepulveda J, Hernandez L, Von Plessing C.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Casilla 237, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
Acyclovir has absorption problems, because of its low solubility and/or its saturable absorption mechanism, that take place in the small intestine in a passive, variable, and incomplete manner. The oral bioavailability of acyclovir is thereby affected and reaches only 15-30%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of increasing the oral availability of acyclovir by forming inclusion complexes of acyclovir with beta-cyclodextrin. Acyclovir, its complex (1:1) with beta-cyclodextrin (acyclovir-beta-cyclodextrin complex), and a 50:50 mixture of acyclovir and the inclusion complex (acyclovir/complex mixture) as an aqueous suspension were administered intraintestinally to male Sprague-Dawley rats in doses equivalent to an acyclovir dose of 75 mg/kg. Sequential samples of plasma were taken by microdialysis. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Plasma concentration versus time curves show that the complex and the mixture of acyclovir/complex have a higher bioavailability and a pharmacokinetic profile than that of the drug itself. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91:2593-2598, 2002
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12434403&dopt=Abstract
microbio.bas.bg
Pharmacological induction of low deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) levels in virus-infected cells could result in an increased antiviral effectiveness of some selective antiviral nucleoside analogues. That could be exploited as a new combined strategy in the treatment of herpes virus infections. From this point of view the alteration of antiherpes activity of acyclovir (ACV) in combination with mizoribine (N'-[beta-D-ribofuranosyl]-5-hydroxyimidazole-4-carboxamide) (MZR), an inhibitor which lowers the intracellular pool of dGTP, was studied. MZR applied alone at non-toxic concentrations had no effect on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in human embryonic skin-muscle fibroblasts (HESMF). The combination of MZR and ACV acts synergistically, as measured by the virus yield assay in the above mentioned system. The potentiating effect of MZR on the anti-HSV-1 activity of ACV was reversed by guanosine (Guo). In this case dGTP could be considered as the "key metabolite" responsible for the higher effectivity of the combination of drugs.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12440731&dopt=Abstract
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