Drugs online research references








J Med Virol. 2002 Oct;68(2):234-6.
Inhibition of clinical isolates of human cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus by PNU-183792, a 4-oxo-dihydroquinoline.

Knechtel ML, Huang A, Vaillancourt VA, Brideau RJ.

Infectious Diseases Research, Pharmacia Corporation, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001, USA.

The susceptibility of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) clinical isolates to PNU-183792, a 4-oxo-dihydroquinoline, was examined. The antiviral potency of PNU-183792, a non-nucleoside inhibitor, was compared to the licensed nucleoside inhibitors ganciclovir and acyclovir using plaque reduction and virus yield reduction assays. PNU-183792 was as potent against CMV as ganciclovir and was superior in potency to acyclovir against VZV. PNU-183792 represents a new class of non-nucleoside inhibitors of human herpesviruses. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12210413&dopt=Abstract




J Med Virol. 2002 Sep;68(1):92-8.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 variants arising after selection with an antiviral carrageenan: lack of correlation between drug susceptibility and syn phenotype.

Carlucci MJ, Scolaro LA, Damonte EB.

Laboratorio de Virologia, Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Natural carrageenans of diverse structural types isolated from the red seaweed Gigartina skottsbergii were recently identified as potent and selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2). The mu/nu-carrageenan 1C3 was tested in vitro for its ability to select resistant variants. After serial passages of HSV-1 strain F in Vero cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of 1C3, viruses emerged that were approximately 2- to 10-fold more resistant to 1C3 inhibition than parental virus; these viruses formed large plaques with an altered syncytial phenotype (1C3-syn). Plaque-purified syncytial variants isolated from passages 13 and 14 have shown variable levels of resistance to 1C3, as well as to the other antiviral carrageenans isolated from G. skottsbergii and to other sulfated polysaccharides with known antiviral activity, such as heparin and dextran sulfate 8000, but all the clones were susceptible to acyclovir. The syn phenotype was not related to polysaccharide resistance. All the 1C3-syn variants formed large syncytia in Vero and CV-1 cells but did not induce fusion in other cell types. The growth efficiency in Vero cells, as well as the virulence for mice by intracerebral or intraperitoneal inoculation of 1C3-syn variants, showed no significant alterations in comparison with the parental virus. The syncytial properties were not affected by cyclosporine or melittin, suggesting that an alteration on glycoprotein gB could be responsible for the syn phenotype induced by 1C3. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12210435&dopt=Abstract




Antiviral Res. 1995 Nov;28(3):243-51.
Antiviral activity of 9-[[(ethoxyhydroxyphosphinyl)-methoxy]methoxy] guanine against cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus.

Kim HT, Kim DK, Kim YW, Kim KH, Sugiyama Y, Kikuchi M.

Life Science Research Center, Sunkyong Industries, Suwon-Si, Kyungki-Do, Korea.

An isosteric analog of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (PMEG), 9-[[(ethoxyhydroxyphosphinyl)methoxy]methoxy]guanine (SKI 1008), was evaluated for its in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and its in vivo antiviral efficacy against MCMV in mice. The in vitro anti-HSV activity of SKI 1008 was much lower than that of acyclovir, even though SKI 1008 showed similar antiviral activity against thymidine kinase positive (TK+) and thymidine kinase negative (TK-) strains. Like ganciclovir and PMEG, SKI 1008 selectively inhibited plaque formation of MCMV; the 50% effective concentration (EC50) and the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of SKI 1008, ganciclovir, and PMEG being 0.51 and 600, 1.65 and 461, and 0.06 and 12.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. The in vitro EC50 value of SKI 1008 against HCMV was comparable to that of ganciclovir (0.24 vs 0.16 microgram/ml) and was 12-fold higher than that of PMEG in a plaque reduction assay, but the therapeutic indices (the ratios of CC50 to EC50) of SKI 1008 and ganciclovir were higher than that of PMEG. The in vivo antiviral efficacy of SKI 1008 in MCMV-infected normal BALB/c and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice was lower than that of ganciclovir in terms of mortality and mean survival time.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8629816&dopt=Abstract












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