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uniroma2.it

BACKGROUND: The optimal management of chickenpox in children is a controversial issue, at least in Europe. This study was designed to describe chickenpox in children and its reported management by pediatricians working for the National Health Service in the Latium region of Italy. METHODS: A questionnaire collected information on the duration, complications and treatment of the disease between September, 1998, and May, 1999, by participant pediatricians who enrolled 1094 patients in community pediatric practice. RESULTS: Secondary and tertiary cases of the disease in the same household were more severe than the primary cases. Acyclovir was given to 50% of the children, with a tendency to treat more severely ill children. The duration of the disease was significantly less in children receiving acyclovir within the first 24 h of rash (7.6 days 9.0). No complications requiring hospitalization were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The use of antiviral drugs is not consistent among pediatricians. Clear guidelines are needed to minimize the use of drugs and to identify children who are likely to benefit most from antiviral therapy.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12192161&dopt=Abstract




J Chemother. 1995 Jun;7(3):210-5.
Efficacy of herpes vaccine and acyclovir (ACV) in a rabbit model following intraocular inoculation of herpes simplex virus.

Narang HK.

Public Health Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle-On-Tyne, UK.

It has been shown that injection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I into the vitreous body of the eye in 18-day-old albino rabbits consistently induced encephalitis. In the untreated group the lesions followed a defined anatomical pathway in the central nervous system and produced a chronic progressive disease with 95% survival. Detailed observations in the spread of HSV along the optic pathway determined the extent of damage at any given day. Some of the old rabbits developed typical herpetic lesions on nose and lips. HSV was demonstrated from these lesions by electron microscopy and also by tissue culture isolation. The combined efficacy of heat-killed herpes vaccine prepared from the same isolate and acyclovir (ACV) in this animal model was studied by starting treatment four days before or four days after the challenge. Ten animals immunised before the challenge were protected. However, immunisation after the challenge not only did not confer protection, but surprisingly, appeared to enhance the primary disease. All 10 rabbits immunised after the challenge developed weakness of the hind legs and progressed very rapidly to paralysis. ACV treatment alone did not completely abrogate the HSV infection, there appears to be reactivation of HSV which produced fresh small lesions. However, a combination of immunisation and treatment with ACV after the challenge of the 10 rabbits in the group prevented the development of weakness of the hind legs or paralysis. Detailed observations on the spread of HSV along the optic pathway revealed that pathological lesions and damage were limited in the ACV and combined treatment with ACV and vaccine group.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7562016&dopt=Abstract




Virology. 2002 Aug 1;299(2):248-55.
Chimeric polypeptide of thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase of shrimp white spot syndrome virus: thymidine kinase activity of the recombinant protein expressed in a baculovirus/insect cell system.

Tzeng HF, Chang ZF, Peng SE, Wang CH, Lin JY, Kou GH, Lo CF.

Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.

The unique chimeric organization of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) tk-tmk gene encodes a protein which has significant homology to both cellular-type thymidine kinase (TK) and cellular-type thymidylate kinase (TMK), but the functional activity of this protein has not been demonstrated. Because TK is usually expressed only at very low levels in host cells, in this study, the coding region of WSSV tk-tmk was expressed in an insect/baculovirus expression system. The His-tagged recombinant WSSV TK-TMK was purified by affinity chromatography, and its enzyme activity was characterized by steady-state kinetics. The recombinant WSSV TK-TMK catalyzed the phosphorylation of thymidine to form thymidine monophosphate (TMP), but we found no evidence that it was able to catalyze the further phosphorylation of TMP to form thymidine diphosphate (or thymidine triphosphate). This TK activity is sensitive to feedback inhibition by thymidine triphosphate. In addition to thymidine, of the nine other substrates tested, including acyclovir, ganciclovir, and 5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, only 2'-deoxyuridine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine could also serve as substrates. These data suggest that the enzymatic characteristics of the recombinant WSSV TK-TMK are similar to those of the eukaryotic cytosolic TKs. We also found that TK activity increased as infection advanced in the integument and gills of experimentally infected shrimp, suggesting its functional involvement during WSSV infection.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12202227&dopt=Abstract













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