Drugs online research references








Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1999 Sep 15;56(18):1831-4.
Comparison of ganciclovir- and immune globulin-containing regimens in preventing cytomegalovirus infection in patients with renal transplants.

Walton T, Sankari B, Wyner L.

Department of Pharmacy and Drug Information, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA 30335-3801, USA.

The effectiveness and costs of ganciclovir compared with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) in the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease were studied. A retrospective analysis was conducted of renal transplant patients treated with ganciclovir during the initial hospital stay followed by three months of acyclovir therapy and a historical control group that received IVIG at one, two, four, six, and eight weeks posttransplant and acyclovir at two weeks posttransplant and continued for three months. The average drug cost for each regimen and the average direct cost of treating CMV disease in each group were calculated. The overall frequency of CMV disease was 14% in the IVIG group (n = 42) and 3% in the ganciclovir group (n = 30). CMV disease occurred less frequently in all ganciclovir-treated subgroups, but the difference was significant only in the group in which the recipient was CMV seronegative and the donor CMV seropositive. No ganciclovir-related adverse events were noted. Three IVIG-related infusion reactions were noted. Treatment with ganciclovir decreased drug costs by approximately $2,775 per patient or $83,250 for the study sample. The overall avoided cost in the ganciclovir group was $102,575 ($3,419 per patient). Ganciclovir followed by acyclovir was significantly more effective than IVIG followed by acyclovir in the prevention of CMV disease in CMV-seronegative patients who received renal transplants from CMV-seropositive donors; among all patients studied, ganciclovir did not differ from IVIG in preventing CMV infection but was considerably less expensive.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10511232&dopt=Abstract




Virus Genes. 2002 Jun;24(3):257-66.
Identification and characterization of the UL7 gene product of herpes simplex virus type 2.

Nozawa N, Daikoku T, Yamauchi Y, Takakuwa H, Goshima F, Yoshikawa T, Nishiyama Y.

Laboratory of Virology, Research Institute for Disease Mechanism and Control, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.

We have raised a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against a recombinant 6x His-tagged herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) UL7 fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli. The antiserum specifically reacted with a 33 kDa protein in HSV-1 and HSV-2-infected cell lysates, and was used to characterize the UL7 gene product of HSV-2. The UL7 protein was produced in the late phase of infection, and its synthesis was highly inhibited, but not abolished by the addition of acyclovir (ACV). The UL7 protein associated with extracellular virions and also with all types of capsids, including A, B, and C capsids, though the association seemed to be weak. Indirect immunofluorescence studies revealed that at 9 h postinfection, UL7 specific fluorescence was detected in part or all of the nucleus, and the specific fluorescence colocalized with the scaffold protein ICP35. However, at later times postinfection, the UL7 protein was mainly detected as a mass in a juxtanuclear cytoplasmic region. In addition, transmission immunoelectron microscopy (TIEM) confirmed the association of the UL7 protein with intracellular capsids and virions in HSV-2-infected cells. The HSV-2 UL7 protein contained a domain highly conserved in all herpesviruses, part of which exhibited a homology with domains in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA topoisomerase III. We discuss the possibility that the UL7 protein may play a supplementary role in the viral DNA cleavage/packaging process.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12086147&dopt=Abstract

yahoo.co.in

A simple and cost effective spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of acyclovir in bulk drug and in formulations. The method is based on the formation of blue coloured chromogen when the drug reacts with Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent in alkaline medium. The coloured species has an absorption maximum at 760 nm and obeys Beer's law in the concentration range 50-450 microg ml(-1). The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increasing concentration of acyclovir, which is corroborated by the calculated correlation coefficient value of 0.9998 (n = 9). The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity were 1.65 x 10(2) l mol(-1) cm(-1) and 1.36 microg cm(-2), respectively. The slope and intercept of the equation of the regression line are 6.87 x 10(-4) and 8.33 x 10(-3), respectively. The limit of detection was 5.68 microg ml(-1) and the limit of quantification was 18.95 microg ml(-1). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of acyclovir in pharmaceutical formulations. The reliability of the assay method was established by parallel determination by standard-addition method, and by recovery studies. The results demonstrated and the procedure is at least as accurate, precise and reproducible (RSD < 2%) as the official method, while being simple and less time consuming. A statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between the results obtained by the proposed procedure and those of the official method.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12088058&dopt=Abstract












online pharmacies || Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth || Tramadol || Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature || Antibiotics