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Drugs online research references

Indian J Exp Biol. 2000 Jun;38(6):580-6.
Evaluation of glutathione and ascorbic acid as suppressors of drug-induced lipid peroxidation.

Roy K, De AU, Sengupta C.

Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta 700032.

In different sets of experiment lipid peroxidation induction capacity of two drugs, viz., ceftizoxime sodium, a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, and acyclovir, an antiviral agent, was studied using goat whole blood as the lipid source. Ceftizoxime sodium caused significant extent of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation being a toxicity mediating process, such observation may be related to the toxic potential of the drug. Insignificant induction of lipid peroxidation was found in case of acyclovir and this is in good agreement with the safety record of the drug. Glutathione and ascorbic acid could significantly reduce ceftizoxime sodium induced lipid peroxidation, suggesting that free radical scavenging action of antioxidants may be exploited by possible antioxidant co-therapy to reduce iatrogenicity of the drug in persons with impaired endogenous antioxidant defence. Glutathione and ascorbic acid appear to be promising candidates for further investigation in this regard.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11116529&dopt=Abstract

Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Nov;132(5):779-80.
Laser in situ keratomileusis in eyes with inactive herpetic keratitis.

Jarade EF, Tabbara KF.

The Eye Center and The Eye Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and outcome of laser in situ keratomileusis in eyes with inactive herpetic keratitis. METHODS: Prospective, interventional case series. In three eyes of three patients with inactive unilateral herpetic keratitis for a minimum period of 1 year, laser in situ keratomileusis was performed. Oral and topical acyclovir were prescribed perioperatively. No topical steroids were prescribed. RESULTS: Preoperatively, all three eyes had corneal stromal scars with induced astigmatism in two eyes and central stromal scar in one eye with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/120, 20/25, and 20/50, respectively. Postoperatively, the three eyes achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20, 20/20, and 20/50, respectively, with decreased corneal scar. None of the patients developed herpetic keratitis reactivation during a minimum follow-up of 6 months. CONCLUSION: Laser in situ keratomileusis was safe and effective in the treatment of refractive errors and corneal scars in three eyes of three patients with inactive herpetic keratitis.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11704041&dopt=Abstract

J Pharm Sci. 2001 Oct;90(10):1505-15.
Transport of acyclovir ester prodrugs through rabbit cornea and SIRC-rabbit corneal epithelial cell line.

Tak RV, Pal D, Gao H, Dey S, Mitra AK.

Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5005 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.

The purpose of this study is to assess the permeability of acyclovir (ACV) prodrugs through the rabbit corneal cell line (SIRC) as well as the cornea, and characterize the SIRC cell line for transport and metabolism studies of ester prodrugs. Prodrug derivatization of an acycloguanosine antiviral agent, acyclovir, was employed to improve its permeability across the cornea. New Zealand albino rabbits were used as an animal model for corneal studies. The SIRC cell line grown on polyester membranes was used for transport of these prodrugs. SIRC cells grown on the membrane support for 10 days developed four to six layers of epithelial cells, and this is comparable to the normal rabbit corneal epithelial layer. Transport experiments were conducted across the rabbit cornea and confluent SIRC cells using side-by-side diffusion-cell apparatus. Enzymatic hydrolysis of these compounds was evaluated in SIRC cell lysates. Appropriate reversed phase HPLC method(s) were employed for quantitation of both the prodrug and ACV simultaneously. Corneal permeabilities of some of these prodrugs (Malonyl ACV and Acetyl ACV) were higher relative to ACV. The SIRC cell line permeability values of all the prodrugs were higher compared to that of the intact cornea. The total amount of ACV-prodrugs transported, i.e., unhydrolyzed prodrugs and regenerated ACV, across the SIRC cell line was more relative to ACV. Hydrolytic studies in the SIRC cell line homogenate demonstrated the bioreversion potential of the prodrugs and the presence of enzymes, particularly the cholinesterase in the SIRC cell line. It may be concluded that the SIRC cell line is leakier compared to the cornea. Keeping in mind the limitations, the SIRC cell line after further characterization may be used for transport and metabolism studies of ester prodrugs. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 90:1505-1515, 2001

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11745709&dopt=Abstract

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