Drugs online research references









J Med Assoc Thai. 1999 Oct;82(10):957-62.
Neonatal varicella: a report of 26 cases.

Singalavanija S, Limpongsanurak W, Horpoapan S, Ratrisawadi V.

Division of Dermatology, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.

Varicella infection usually occurs in childhood and is uncommon in neonates. We reported 26 cases of neonatal varicella seen at the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, from 1988 to 1995. The sex ratio of male to female was equal. The age of onset was between 6 to 27 days. Twelve cases contracted varicella from mothers who were infected between 6 days before delivery to 2 days after delivery (perinatal varicella) and fourteen cases contracted varicella from mothers or siblings in the postnatal period (postnatal varicella). All babies developed vesicular rash. Intravenous acyclovir was given in high risk and severe cases (nine perinatal and three postnatal varicella patients). Complications of neonatal varicella included clinical sepsis 8 cases (30%), pneumonia 7 cases (26%), pyoderma 9 cases (35%) and hepatitis 1 case (4%). There was no statistical difference between the complications of perinatal and postnatal group (p > 0.05). No death was observed during this study. Clinical manifestations of neonatal varicella varied from mild to severe, depending on the onset of rash in the mother and baby and mode of transmission of the disease. Although we have no varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG), acyclovir therapy is beneficial in the treatment of neonatal varicella.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10561956&dopt=Abstract

rega.kuleuven.ac.be

Drug-resistant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were selected under the pressure of (S)-3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl (HPMP) derivatives of cytosine (HPMPC, cidofovir) and adenine (HPMPA) and 2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl (PME) derivatives of adenine (PMEA, adefovir) and 2,6-diaminopurine (PMEDAP). HPMPC-resistant (HPMPC(r)) and HPMPA(r) strains were cross-resistant to one another, but they remained sensitive to foscarnet (PFA), acyclovir (ACV) and the PME derivatives, while the PMEA(r) and PMEDAP(r) strains showed cross-resistance to PFA and ACV. The PMEA(r), PMEDAP(r) and PFA(r) mutants all revealed a single nucleotide change resulting in a Ser-724 to Asn mutation within the conserved region II of the DNA polymerase. Two HPMPA(r) clones and one HPMPC(r) clone possessed single amino acid changes in the DNA polymerase (HPMPA(r) clone D1, Leu-1007 to Met; HPMPA(r) clone B5, Ile-1028 to Thr; HPMPC(r) clone C3, Val-573 to Met). The HPMPC(r) clone A4 contained two mutations, Ala-136 to Thr and Arg-700 to Met. The mutation at position 136, located outside the catalytic domain of the enzyme, was not detected in other HPMPC(r) clones, suggesting that this mutation may not be responsible for the resistant phenotype. Residue 573 is located within the 3'-->5' exonuclease editing domain close to the catalytically important residues Tyr-577 and Asp-581. Similarly, residue 700 is located in the palm subdomain of the catalytic domain, adjacent to the Asp residues 717, 886 and 888 that are vital for polymerase activity. The HPMPA(r) mutations at residues 1007 and 1028, beyond the last conserved region, still fall within the thumb subdomain of the catalytic domain. The different drug-resistant mutants varied in neurovirulent behaviour, the HPMPC(r) strains showing reduced neurovirulence compared with the wild-type.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10675401&dopt=Abstract




Biomed Chromatogr. 2000 Apr;14(2):93-8.
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of ganciclovir in plasma using liquid chromatography/selected reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry.

Xu K, Lanuti M, Lambright ES, Force SD, Albelda SM, Blair IA.

Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

A method using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry has been developed for the quantitative analysis of ganciclovir in rat plasma. Acyclovir, a structurally related analog of ganciclovir, was used as the internal standard. A small volume of plasma (50 microL) was spiked with the internal standard and plasma proteins were precipitated by methanol. The supernatant was dried under nitrogen, and then reconstituted in water. The use of liquid chromatography/selected reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry effectively eliminated potential interference from endogenous constituents in the plasma. This highly selective and sensitive method made it possible to analyze plasma ganciclovir with a lower limit of quantitation of 10 ng/mL. The assay was reproducible and linear in the range 10-10,000 ng/mL. The precision and accuracy values were in the range 2.0-6.9% and 89.0-109.6%, respectively. The analyte recovery was greater than 88%. This method was successfully used to monitor the pharmacokinetic profile of ganciclovir in normal rats following intraperitoneal administration of the drug. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10694702&dopt=Abstract













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