Drugs online research references








Med Pediatr Oncol. 1998 Sep;31(3):166-9.
Outbreak of varicella in a pediatric oncology unit.

Kavaliotis J, Loukou I, Trachana M, Gombakis N, Tsagaropoulou-Stigga H, Koliouskas D.

Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Thessaloniki, Greece.

BACKGROUND: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection is usually benign but immunocompromised patients are at great risk for visceral dissemination and fatal outcome. During a nationwide varicella outbreak, several of our patients contracted the disease. We undertook studies of the epidemiology and the efficacy of antiviral treatment and immunoprophylaxis. PROCEDURE: During a 9-month period, 52 patients were exposed to cases of active varicella. Twenty-seven of these children were reexposed to active varicella > 1 month after their initial exposure. The exposure concerned 7 VZV waves of varying intimacy. In all cases, prophylaxis with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), varicella zoster globulin (VZIG), or both was given. The spread of the disease was limited and only 6 patients (all immunosuppressed) developed varicella (7.6%). Three of 6 had been given IVIG and 3 VZIG + IVIG. All patients with varicella received acyclovir 30 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The disease was mild and all patients were ultimately cured. RESULTS: Our results show that prophylaxis was not 100% effective, but appearance to reduce the rate of spread. The differences in incidence among the regimens used were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: For the moment, immunoprophylaxis and acyclovir administration appear to be quite satisfactory in managing immunocompromised children exposed to VZV. This may change with the wider use of the varicella vaccine.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9722899&dopt=Abstract

hc-sc.gc.ca

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of a flow-through diffusion cell system to assess the absorption and penetration characteristics of drug (acyclovir) products. METHODS: In vitro studies were performed to assess the absorption/penetration of acyclovir using a flow-through diffusion cell system with human skin sections obtained from 19 healthy women following mammoplasty. The skin sections, 200-400 microm thick, were prepared using a dermatome. Acyclovir ointment (approximately 10 mg) spiked with (3)H-labelled acyclovir was applied onto the stratum corneum/epidermis side. The skin sections were continually perfused on the dermis side with sterilized culture medium, Buffered Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution, saturated with a CO(2)/O(2) (5/95%). RESULTS: After 24 hours, the percentages of acyclovir-derived radioactivity (based on dose applied) in different components were as follows: stratum corneum (SC), 0.20+0.28; viable skin (VS), 0.40+0.38; effluent fluid (EF), 0.25+0.53. A second set of experiments was performed using tape stripped (10X) skin sections. Levels of acyclovir-derived radioactivity were VS, 1.21+1.43 and EF, 2.65+2.61, which were threefold higher (p < 0.05) for VS and elevenfold higher (p < 0.05) for EF compared to the results obtained with the intact skin sections. CONCLUSIONS: The SC is the main barrier layer for the penetration of acyclovir through human skin. The use of the flow-through diffusion cell system provides an appropriate in vitro model to assess the absorption/penetration of acyclovir through human skin layers and therefore can potentially be used for dermal formulation characterization and development.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10948397&dopt=Abstract




Biomed Chromatogr. 1996 Sep-Oct;10(5):256-7.
Comparison of high performance capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography for the determination of acyclovir and guanine in pharmaceuticals and urine.

Zhang SS, Liu HX, Chen Y, Yuan ZB.

Center of Instrumental Analysis, Zhengzhou University, P.R. China.

High-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed and applied to the determination of acyclovir (ACV) and guanine (G) in pharmaceuticals. The comparison study showed that two methods gave comparable results in linear range, recovery and reproducibility. HPCE was used for the determination of ACV and G in urine; the recovery was better than 81.3% and the RSD was less than 4.4%.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8879535&dopt=Abstract












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