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EEG has been used widely in diagnosing encephalitis, as it demonstrates rather typical abnormalities, especially in herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). We analysed 204 EEG recordings from 98 consecutive acyclovir-treated patients with acute encephalitis between 1984 and 1994. Periodic complexes (PC) in the acute phase predicted poor outcome (Kendall tau 0.40, P < 0.001). However, unlike in many other diseases, e.g. stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage, the diffuse slowing of the background activity at acute phase did not predict outcome (Kendall tau -0.6, P = 0.35). At follow-up, the emergence of diffuse slow background activity was significantly associated with a less favourable outcome (Kendall tau 0.33, P = 0.0016). Among clinical variables, only epileptic seizures early during the course of the disease correlated significantly with outcome. EEG does have value as a prognostic indicator in acute encephalitides, but it seems that diffuse slowing of background activity or irritative features acutely are not as important as previously thought, based on the experiences of the pre-acyclovir era.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9872447&dopt=Abstract

ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp

Herpetic infection causes paresthesia, including hypoalgesia, in humans and hypoalgesia in rats. This study was conducted to examine the effect of caffeine, which inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV) and affects several neuronal functions, on HSV-induced paresthesia in rats. HSV-induced hypoalgesia was suppressed by repeated treatment of unilateral hindpaw with 10% caffeine gel regardless of when the treatment was started. Repeated treatment with acyclovir, an anti-HSV agent, suppressed HSV-induced hypoalgesia only when started before inoculation; acyclovir did not produce therapeutic effects on the HSV-induced sensory abnormality. Many dorsal root ganglion neurons were positive for HSV antigen following HSV inoculation of the hindpaw. Repeated treatment with caffeine and acyclovir markedly decreased HSV antigen-positive neurons in the dorsal root ganglia when started before, but not 2 or 4 days after, infection. These results suggest that topical caffeine inhibited HSV-induced paresthesia through direct action on sensory neurons, and that not only antiviral activity but also direct alteration of neural functions are involved in the caffeine sensory actions.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9809669&dopt=Abstract

Virology. 2000 Dec 20;278(2):445-55.
Herpesvirus saimiri pathogenicity enhanced by thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus.

Hiller C, Tamguney G, Stolte N, Matz-Rensing K, Lorenzen D, Hor S, Thurau M, Wittmann S, Slavin S, Fickenscher H.

Institut fur Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Schlossgarten 4, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany.

Herpesvirus saimiri can be used as an efficient gene expression vector for human T lymphocytes and thus may allow applications in experimental leukemia therapy. We constructed recombinant viruses for the functional expression of the thymidine kinase (TK) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) as a suicide gene. These viruses reliably allowed the targeted elimination of transduced nonpermissive human T cells in vitro after the administration of ganciclovir. To test the reliability of this function under the most stringent permissive conditions, in this study we analyzed the influence of the prodrugs ganciclovir and acyclovir in common marmosets on the acute leukemogenesis induced by either wild-type herpesvirus saimiri C488 or by a recombinant derivative expressing TK of HSV. Antiviral drug treatment did not influence the rapid development of acute disease. In contrast, the presence of the HSV tk gene resulted in a faster disease progression. In addition, HSV TK-expressing viruses showed faster replication than wild-type virus in culture at low serum concentrations. Thus, HSV TK accelerates the replication of herpesvirus saimiri and enhances its pathogenicity. This should be generally considered when HSV TK is applied as a transgene in replication-competent DNA virus vectors for gene therapy. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11118367&dopt=Abstract

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