Drugs online research references








Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997 Dec;16(12):1162-5.
Oral acyclovir prophylaxis of varicella after intimate contact.

Lin TY, Huang YC, Ning HC, Hsueh C.

Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.

OBJECTIVES: Whether oral acyclovir (ACV) given in late incubation can prevent clinical varicella or not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven healthy infants and children susceptible to varicella received oral ACV (40 mg/kg daily in four divided doses) for 5 days, starting 9 or 11 days after exposure from the index case in the family (2 in the classroom). The clinical features were compared with 13 control children who did not receive ACV. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to detect varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibody and, in follow-up immunologic studies, lymphocyte proliferative response was added. In some cases, blood culture and polymerase chain reaction with Southern hybridization were used for detection of viremia. RESULTS: Among the 27 children in the treatment group, two (7.4%) developed the disease and seroconversion was observed in 17 subjects (63%). Follow-up immunologic studies in 12 of these 17 seroconverted subjects 30 months later showed persistent cellular and/or humoral immunity to VZV. Only one subject, bled 11 days after exposure, had positive VZV DNA and blood culture for VZV. On the other hand 10 of 13 (77%) control subjects developed clinical varicella. CONCLUSIONS: Oral ACV administration to healthy susceptible subjects at the beginning of secondary viremia in the late incubation period (9 days after exposure) can effectively prevent or modify clinical varicella.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9427463&dopt=Abstract




J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Mar 20;706(2):311-7.
Development and validation of a sensitive method for the determination of ganciclovir in human plasma samples by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Campanero MA, Sadaba B, Garcia-Quetglas E, Azanza JR.

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical of Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.

A rapid, sensitive, specific liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of therapeutic levels of ganciclovir in human plasma. Plasma (1 ml) and acyclovir (I.S.) were treated with 50% trichloroacetic acid. The supernatant was neutralized with 2 M NaOH and purified with chloroform. The aqueous phase (80 microl) was analyzed by a 3-microm Hypersil ODS C18 column with 0.04 M triethylamine-0.1 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate as the mobile phase (1 ml/min) and ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. Calibration was linear from 50 to 10000 ng/ml. Intra- and inter-day C.V. did no exceed 6.65%. The detection limit was about 10 ng/ml.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9551818&dopt=Abstract

te3.ajinomoto.co.jp

Antiherpetic activity of (1'S,2'R)-9-([1',2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)cycloprop-1'yl]methyl)guanine (A-5021) was compared with those of acyclovir (ACV) and penciclovir (PCV) in cell cultures. In a plaque reduction assay using a selection of human cells, A-5021 showed the most potent activity in all cells. Against clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1, n = 5) and type 2 (HSV-2, n = 6), mean 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) for A-5021 were 0.013 and 0.15 microgram/ml, respectively, in MRC-5 cells. Corresponding IC50s for ACV were 0.22 and 0.30 microgram/ml, and those for PCV were 0.84 and 1.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Against clinical isolates of varicella-zoster virus (VZV, n = 5), mean IC50s for A-5021, ACV, and PCV were 0.77, 5.2, and 14 micrograms/ml, respectively, in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells. A-5021 showed considerably more prolonged antiviral activity than ACV when infected cells were treated for a short time. The selectivity index, the ratio of 50% cytotoxic concentration to IC50, of A-5021 was superior to those of ACV and PCV for HSV-1 and almost comparable for HSV-2 and VZV. In a growth inhibition assay of murine granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells, A-5021 showed the least inhibitory effect of the three compounds. These results show that A-5021 is a potent and selective antiviral agent against HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9661001&dopt=Abstract












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