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hair related research references
J Anal Toxicol. 2002 Jul-Aug;26(5):303-7.
LC-MS-MS analysis of the neuroleptics clozapine, flupentixol, haloperidol, penfluridol, thioridazine, and zuclopenthixol in hair obtained from psychiatric patients.
Weinmann W, Muller C, Vogt S, Frei A.
Institute of Legal Medicine, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Luzern, Switzerland. weinmanun11.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
Hair samples of psychiatric patients were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) for the neuroleptics clozapine, flupentixol, haloperidol, penfluridol, thioridazine, and zuclopenthixol. In the study, these neuroleptics were administered to the patients regularly for a minimum of six months. Sample preparation was performed by washing, powdering with a ball mill, extraction of drugs from hair by ultrasonication with methanol, cleanup by solid-phase extraction and subsequent LC-MS-MS analysis using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Calibration was performed for all drugs in the range of 0.05 to 10 ng/mg using spiked hair powder and doxepin-d3 as internal standard. Twenty to 50 mg of hair powder was used and the detection limits of LC-MS-MS were below 0.05 ng/mg for all drugs tested. Therapeutic dosage, number of subjects, hair color, and detected amounts of drugs were as follows: clozapine (150400 mg/day; n = 3, light brown, medium brown, black; 0.47-0.92 ng/mg), haloperidol (150 mg/3 weeks; n = 1, black/gray; 12.2 ng/mg), penfluridol (20-30 mg/week; n = 2, medium brown, black; 0.08 ng/mg; not detected in one case), thioridazine (100-400 mg/day; n = 4, light brown, medium brown, black; 0.33-9.91 ng/mg, not detected in one case). Besides the active drugs also the desmethyl-metabolites of clozapine and thioridazine were detected by LC-MS-MS. However, flupentixol (5 mg/day; light brown hair) and zuclopenthixol (350 mg/3 weeks; light brown hair) were not detected by these methods in one case each, although the drugs were administered regularly to these patients. The comparison of dosage and hair color in two cases with thioridazine and penfluridol suggests that other interindividual factors may have an influence on drug concentration in hair.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12166818&dopt=Abstract
J Clin Invest. 2001 Feb;107(4):409-17.
Control of hair growth and follicle size by VEGF-mediated angiogenesis.
Yano K, Brown LF, Detmar M.
Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
The murine hair follicle undergoes pronounced cyclic expansion and regression, leading to rapidly changing demands for its vascular support. Our study aimed to quantify the cyclic changes of perifollicular vascularization and to characterize the biological role of VEGF for hair growth, angiogenesis, and follicle cycling. We found a significant increase in perifollicular vascularization during the growth phase (anagen) of the hair cycle, followed by regression of angiogenic blood vessels during the involution (catagen) and the resting (telogen) phase. Perifollicular angiogenesis was temporally and spatially correlated with upregulation of VEGF mRNA expression by follicular keratinocytes of the outer root sheath, but not by dermal papilla cells. Transgenic overexpression of VEGF in outer root sheath keratinocytes of hair follicles strongly induced perifollicular vascularization, resulting in accelerated hair regrowth after depilation and in increased size of hair follicles and hair shafts. Conversely, systemic treatment with a neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody led to hair growth retardation and reduced hair follicle size. No effects of VEGF treatment or VEGF blockade were observed in mouse vibrissa organ cultures, which lack a functional vascular system. These results identify VEGF as a major mediator of hair follicle growth and cycling and provide the first direct evidence that improved follicle vascularization promotes hair growth and increases hair follicle and hair size.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11181640&dopt=Abstract
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Feb;44(2):288-92.
A novel KIT mutation results in piebaldism with progressive depigmentation.
Richards KA, Fukai K, Oiso N, Paller AS.
Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA.
Piebaldism is an autosomal dominant disorder of melanocyte development characterized by white skin (leukoderma) and white hair (poliosis). In general, piebaldism has been distinguished from vitiligo by the presence of lesions from birth, the hyperpigmented macules of depigmented and normal skin, and the static course. We hypothesized that an 8-year-old girl and her mother who had unusual piebaldism of a progressive nature would have a novel mutation of the KIT gene, the gene that is altered in patients with piebaldism, or of the MITF (microphthalmia activating transcription factor) gene, which would be expected to cause type II Waardenburg syndrome, but is associated with a phenotype of progressive depigmentation in mice. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of affected and unaffected family members, and the KIT and MITF genes were sequenced. Genetic analysis of genomic DNA from both the mother and daughter with progressive piebaldism revealed a novel Val620Ala (1859T>C) mutation in the KIT gene, which was not detected in family members without progressive piebaldism or in 52 normal control individuals. This KIT mutation affects the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and thus predicts a severe phenotype, as was the case in this family. Although other KIT mutations in the vicinity of codon 620 lead to the standard phenotype of static piebaldism, the Val620Ala mutation is novel and may result in a previously undescribed phenotype with melanocyte instability, leading to progressive loss of pigmentation as well as the progressive appearance of the hyperpigmented macules.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11174389&dopt=Abstract
Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2002 Oct;129(10 Pt 1):1168-71.
[Trichothiodystrophy and congenital heart disease in two sisters]
[Article in French]
Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Pech JH, Heitz F, Bonafe JL.
Service de dermatologie, Centre hospitalier de Toulouse Rangueil, 1, avenue Jean Poulhes, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4.
INTRODUCTION: Trichothiodystrophy refers to a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive genodermatosis of unknown etiology. Patients with trichothiodystrophy have alopecia with typical hair dysplasia ("tiger-tail"), and abnormally low sulfur content. Numerous unrelated neuroectodermal defects have been observed in trichothiodystrophy. We report here trichothiodystrophy and congenital heart disease in two sisters. CASES REPORT: Two sisters were born as collodion babies and presented ichthyosis and alopecia. The diagnosis of trichothiodystrophy was confirmed by polarizing microscopy of hair and low sulfur content. Both had congenital heart disease. DISCUSSION: Cardiovascular defects have rarely been reported in trichothiodystrophy. The association trichothiodystrophy - congenital heart disease has never been described. The low incidence of both conditions suggests that these abnormalities are linked etiologically rather than by chance. Abnormal Notch signaling, or contiguous gene deletion syndrome could lead to combined phenotype as observed in our family.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12442133&dopt=Abstract
Vitamins, amino acids, oils for topical application, and prescription medications...
There are a number of approaches to hair loss problems.
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problems.
There is no singular medical or alternative cure for hair loss since the
biology of hair growth is a highly complicated phenomenon.
and promotes hair restoration.
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problems are significantly more likely to develop heart attacks.
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or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells.
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