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hair related research references
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2002;16(4):261-6.
Cadmium, copper and zinc in tissues of deceased copper smelter workers.
Gerhardsson L, Englyst V, Lundstrom NG, Sandberg S, Nordberg G.
Environmental Medicine, University of Umea, Umea, Sweden. lars.gerhardssomed.lu.se
Workers at a copper and lead smelter in northern Sweden have a multifactorial exposure to a number of heavy metals. The concentrations of cadmium, copper and zinc in liver, lung, kidney and brain tissues have been determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in 32 deceased long-term exposed male lead smelter workers, and compared with those of 10 male controls. Furthermore, copper and zinc levels in hair and nails were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The highest cadmium concentrations among both workers and controls were observed in kidney, followed in order by liver, lung and brain. The levels in kidney, liver and lung were all significantly higher in the workers than in the controls (p < 0.03). Among the workers relatively strong positive correlations (p < 0.03) were observed between cadmium concentrations in liver and lung, liver and kidney, liver and brain, and lung and brain. In the exposed workers a positive correlation was observed between cadmium and zinc concentrations in the kidney (rs = 0.38; p = 0.034). This is probably mainly due to the protein metallothionein, which is stored in the kidney, binding equimolar amounts of these two metals. The highest concentrations of copper were found in hair and nails among both workers and controls, followed in order by liver, brain, kidney and lung. The tissue concentrations of copper in brain, lung and kidney were all significantly higher among the smelter workers than in the controls (p < 0.036). Copper levels in lung and age at time of death were positively correlated among the exposed workers (rs = 0.39; p = 0.029). In the same group, positive correlations between copper and zinc concentrations in kidney (rs = 0.45; p = 0.009) and nails (rs = 0.68; p < 0.001) were also observed, reflecting possible biological interactions between these two metals. Among both workers and controls, the highest zinc concentrations were found in hair, followed in order by nails, liver, kidney, brain and lung. Significantly higher tissue concentrations among the workers as compared with the reference group were noted in kidney, liver and brain (p < 0.033). Neither copper nor zinc concentrations in hair and nails seemed to provide a useful measure of the trace element status of the smelter workers.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12530590&dopt=Abstract
J Vet Intern Med. 2003 Jan-Feb;17(1):50-7.
Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter in toy fox terriers.
Fyfe JC, Kampschmidt K, Dang V, Poteet BA, He Q, Lowrie C, Graham PA, Fetro VM.
Laboratory of Comparative Medical Genetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. fyfvm.msu.edu
Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter was observed to segregate as a simple autosomal recessive trait in Toy Fox Terriers (TFTs). Neonatal affected pups exhibited inactivity, abnormal hair coat, stenotic ear canals, and delayed eye opening. Palpable ventrolateral cervical swellings were evident by 1 week of age. Serum thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were low and high, respectively. Histologic examination of the cervical masses disclosed cuboidal to columnar follicular epithelial cell hyperplasia with widely varying follicular size, shape, and amount of colloid. Oral thyroid hormone replacement therapy restored near-normal growth and development. At 8 weeks of age, radioiodine uptake and perchlorate discharge testing indicated an iodine organification defect. Biochemical analysis of thyroid tissue from affected dogs demonstrated enzymatic iodine oxidation deficiency and lack of sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant thyroglobulin dimers, suggesting thyroid peroxidase deficiency. A nonsense mutation in the thyroid peroxidase gene of affected dogs was discovered and demonstrated to segregate with the disease. A DNA-based carrier test was developed and currently is used by TFT breeders to prevent this disorder.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12564727&dopt=Abstract
Sud Med Ekspert. 1999 Mar-Apr;42(2):16-8.
[The characteristics of the macro- and trace element composition of the hair in the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America]
[Article in Russian]
Pavlov IuV, Alisievich VI.
Macro- and trace element composition of hairs on the head, chest, in the armpits, and on the pubis in the population of Asia, Africa, and Latin America adapted and not to the climate, geographic and ecological conditions of the Russian Federation (Moscow) is studied by spectrography (DPS-13 spectrograph). Element composition of residents of 16 countries is analyzed by variation statistics methods using PC: Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, India, Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, Rwanda, Kenya, Sudan, Mexico, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brasilia, Columbia, and Chile. Hairs from residents of East Europe (Russians, Byelorussians, Ukrainians) living in Moscow for 6-8 years (adapted) were the reference for comparison. A total of 371 specimens of hairs were examined. Hairs from adapted and not adapted residents of the above-listed countries and continents differ significantly from each other and from the hairs of Russians, Byelorussians, and Ukrainians living in Moscow.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10224921&dopt=Abstract
J Dermatol. 2002 Nov;29(11):718-25.
A monoclonal antibody established from the immunization of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tissues reacts to the intercellular space of BCC and hair follicles.
Kore-eda S, Matsuyoshi N, Ueda M, Horiguchi Y, Miyachi Y, Imamura S.
Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
To detail the histogenetic relationship between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and hair follicles, a monoclonal antibody, coded as MMKB-1 and established from immunization of mice by human basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tissues, was immunohistochemically studied in tissues of BCC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, as well as in normal human skin tissues. On 1M-NaCl-split normal human skin tissues, it reacted against both the epidermal and the dermal sides of the basement membrane zone (BMZ). This monoclonal antibody reacted to the BMZ and intercellular space (ICS) of the solid, superficial, and fibrosing types of BCC cell nests, but, in SCC tumor cell nests, it reacted exclusively to the BMZ. Immunoelectron microscopic studies revealed that the corresponding antigen of the monoclonal antibody was distributed in the hemidesmosomes and the anchoring fibrils along the BMZ of the normal human skin and the desmosomes of the BCC cell nest. The monoclonal antibody also reacted to the ICS of the lower outer root sheath and hair matrix. We discussed the histogenesis of BCC and hair follicles, referring to the results of the staining patterns of MMKB-1 monoclonal antibody and to other studies suggesting a histogenetic relationship between BCC and hair follicles.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12484434&dopt=Abstract
Hair loss is a problem in modern soceity. Examining the factors of hair growth may
shed light on how hair loss might occur.
How long can hair grow before it stops growing eventually if it does?
Given that the hair growth rate is quite uniform and constant, somewhere between 0.3-0.5 millimeters per day, it's believed that the length of anagen, the growth phase, differs among individuals, and this is the major determinant to the maximum hair length. For some individuals, anagen may last ten years. Of course the length of the anagen is governed by genes, and the genetic background of the individuals. Non-genetic factors such as nutritional condition, weather, seasonal changes (hair may grow a bit faster during winter), taking medications, health condition may of course influence the rate of
hair growth as well as
The shape of the hair, straight or curly, is dependent on the shape of the follicle. A circular or round hair follicle would generate straight hair, while the follicle with oval or elliptical shapes (in its cross-section) would produce a curly hair.
DHEA has been suggested to provide numerous potential benefits. DHEA (or dehydroepiandrosterone) is converted into androgens (male hormones)
or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells.
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